release: v4.6.2

[4.x] Time based sharding

.github/workflows/static.yml

@@ -2,9 +2,17 @@ name: Static Analysis
 
 on:
   push:
+    branches: [4.x]
   pull_request:
   schedule:
-    - cron: '0 0 * * *'
+    - cron: '0 9 * * *'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: static-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
 
 jobs:
   static:
@@ -12,6 +20,7 @@ jobs:
     name: Static Tests
 
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
@@ -19,26 +28,41 @@ jobs:
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
     - name: Setup PHP
       uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
       with:
-        php-version: 8.2
+        php-version: 8.3
         tools: composer:v2
         coverage: none
+        extensions: sockets
+
+    - name: Get Composer cache directory
+      id: composer-cache
+      shell: bash
+      run: echo "dir=$(composer config cache-files-dir)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+    - name: Cache Composer dependencies
+      uses: actions/cache@v5
+      with:
+        path: ${{ steps.composer-cache.outputs.dir }}
+        key: static-php-8.3-${{ matrix.dependency-version }}-composer-${{ hashFiles('**/composer.json', '**/composer.lock') }}
+        restore-keys: |
+          static-php-8.3-${{ matrix.dependency-version }}-composer-
+          static-php-8.3-composer-
 
     - name: Install Dependencies
-      run: composer update --prefer-stable --no-interaction --no-progress --ansi
+      run: composer update --${{ matrix.dependency-version }} --no-interaction --no-progress --ansi
 
-  # - name: Type Check
-  #   run: composer test:type:check
+    - name: Profanity Check
+      run: composer test:profanity
+
+    - name: Type Check
+      run: composer test:type:check
 
     - name: Type Coverage
       run: composer test:type:coverage
 
-    - name: Refacto
-      run: composer test:refacto
-
     - name: Style
       run: composer test:lint

.github/workflows/tests.yml

@@ -2,26 +2,40 @@ name: Tests
 
 on:
   push:
+    branches: [4.x]
   pull_request:
+  schedule:
+    - cron: '0 9 * * *'
+
+concurrency:
+  group: tests-${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.event.pull_request.number || github.ref }}
+  cancel-in-progress: true
+
+permissions:
+  contents: read
 
 jobs:
   tests:
     if: github.event_name != 'schedule' || github.repository == 'pestphp/pest'
 
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
+    timeout-minutes: 15
     strategy:
       fail-fast: true
       matrix:
-        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
-        symfony: ['7.1']
-        php: ['8.2', '8.3', '8.4']
-        dependency_version: [prefer-lowest, prefer-stable]
+        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest] # windows-latest
+        symfony: ['7.4', '8.0']
+        php: ['8.3', '8.4', '8.5']
+        dependency_version: [prefer-stable]
+        exclude:
+          - php: '8.3'
+            symfony: '8.0'
 
     name: PHP ${{ matrix.php }} - Symfony ^${{ matrix.symfony }} - ${{ matrix.os }} - ${{ matrix.dependency_version }}
 
     steps:
     - name: Checkout
-      uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      uses: actions/checkout@v6
 
     - name: Setup PHP
       uses: shivammathur/setup-php@v2
@@ -29,6 +43,21 @@ jobs:
         php-version: ${{ matrix.php }}
         tools: composer:v2
         coverage: none
+        extensions: sockets
+
+    - name: Get Composer cache directory
+      id: composer-cache
+      shell: bash
+      run: echo "dir=$(composer config cache-files-dir)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
+
+    - name: Cache Composer dependencies
+      uses: actions/cache@v5
+      with:
+        path: ${{ steps.composer-cache.outputs.dir }}
+        key: ${{ matrix.os }}-php-${{ matrix.php }}-symfony-${{ matrix.symfony }}-composer-${{ hashFiles('**/composer.json', '**/composer.lock') }}
+        restore-keys: |
+          ${{ matrix.os }}-php-${{ matrix.php }}-symfony-${{ matrix.symfony }}-composer-
+          ${{ matrix.os }}-php-${{ matrix.php }}-composer-
 
     - name: Setup Problem Matches
       run: |

Makefile

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-# Well documented Makefiles
-DEFAULT_GOAL := help
-help:
-	@awk 'BEGIN {FS = ":.*##"; printf "\nUsage:\n  make \033[36m<target>\033[0m\n"} /^[a-zA-Z0-9_-]+:.*?##/ { printf "  \033[36m%-40s\033[0m %s\n", $$1, $$2 } /^##@/ { printf "\n\033[1m%s\033[0m\n", substr($$0, 5) } ' $(MAKEFILE_LIST)
-
-build: ## Build all docker images. Specify the command e.g. via make build ARGS="--build-arg PHP=8.2"
-	docker compose build $(ARGS)
-
-##@ [Application]
-install: ## Install the composer dependencies
-	docker compose run --rm composer install
-
-test: ## Run the tests
-	docker compose run --rm composer test

README.md

@@ -1,23 +1,24 @@
 <p align="center">
-    <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pestphp/art/master/v3/banner.png" width="600" alt="PEST">
+    <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/pestphp/art/master/v4/social.png" width="600" alt="PEST">
     <p align="center">
-        <a href="https://github.com/pestphp/pest/actions"><img alt="GitHub Workflow Status (master)" src="https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/pestphp/pest/tests.yml?branch=3.x&label=Tests%203.x"></a>
+        <a href="https://github.com/pestphp/pest/actions"><img alt="GitHub Workflow Status (master)" src="https://img.shields.io/github/actions/workflow/status/pestphp/pest/tests.yml?branch=4.x&label=Tests%204.x"></a>
         <a href="https://packagist.org/packages/pestphp/pest"><img alt="Total Downloads" src="https://img.shields.io/packagist/dt/pestphp/pest"></a>
         <a href="https://packagist.org/packages/pestphp/pest"><img alt="Latest Version" src="https://img.shields.io/packagist/v/pestphp/pest"></a>
         <a href="https://packagist.org/packages/pestphp/pest"><img alt="License" src="https://img.shields.io/packagist/l/pestphp/pest"></a>
+        <a href="https://whyphp.dev"><img src="https://img.shields.io/badge/Why_PHP-in_2026-7A86E8?style=flat-square&labelColor=18181b" alt="Why PHP in 2026"></a>
     </p>
 </p>
 
 ------
 
-> Pest v3 Now Available: **[Read the announcement »](https://pestphp.com/docs/pest3-now-available)**.
+> Pest v4 Now Available: **[Read the announcement »](https://pestphp.com/docs/pest-v4-is-here-now-with-browser-testing)**.
 
 **Pest** is an elegant PHP testing Framework with a focus on simplicity, meticulously designed to bring back the joy of testing in PHP.
 
 - Explore our docs at **[pestphp.com »](https://pestphp.com)**
 - Follow the creator Nuno Maduro:
-    - YouTube: **[youtube.com/@nunomaduro](https://www.youtube.com/@nunomaduro)** — Videos every weekday
-    - Twitch: **[twitch.tv/enunomaduro](https://www.twitch.tv/enunomaduro)** — Streams (almost) every weekday
+    - YouTube: **[youtube.com/@nunomaduro](https://youtube.com/@nunomaduro)** — Videos every week
+    - Twitch: **[twitch.tv/nunomaduro](https://twitch.tv/nunomaduro)** — Live coding on Mondays, Wednesdays, and Fridays at 9PM UTC
     - Twitter / X: **[x.com/enunomaduro](https://x.com/enunomaduro)**
     - LinkedIn: **[linkedin.com/in/nunomaduro](https://www.linkedin.com/in/nunomaduro)**
     - Instagram: **[instagram.com/enunomaduro](https://www.instagram.com/enunomaduro)**
@@ -30,23 +31,23 @@ We cannot thank our sponsors enough for their incredible support in funding Pest
 
 ### Platinum Sponsors
 
-- **[Laracasts](https://laracasts.com/?ref=pestphp)**
+- **[CodeRabbit](https://coderabbit.ai/?ref=pestphp)**
+- **[Mailtrap](https://l.rw.rw/pestphp)**
+- **[SerpApi](https://serpapi.com/?ref=nunomaduro)**
+- **[Tighten](https://tighten.com/?ref=nunomaduro)**
+- **[Redberry](https://redberry.international/laravel-development/?utm_source=pest&utm_medium=banner&utm_campaign=pest_sponsorship)**
 
 ### Gold Sponsors
 
-- **[Brokerchooser](https://brokerchooser.com/?ref=pestphp)**
-- **[CodeRabbit](https://coderabbit.ai/?ref=pestphp)**
-- **[NativePHP](https://nativephp.com/mobile?ref=pestphp.com)**
+- **[CMS Max](https://cmsmax.com/?ref=pestphp)**
 
 ### Premium Sponsors
 
+- [Zapiet](https://zapiet.com/?ref=pestphp)
+- [Load Forge](https://loadforge.com/?ref=pestphp)
+- [Route4Me](https://route4me.com/pt?ref=pestphp)
+- [Nerdify](https://getnerdify.com/?ref=pestphp)
 - [Akaunting](https://akaunting.com/?ref=pestphp)
-- [DocuWriter.ai](https://www.docuwriter.ai/?ref=pestphp)
-- [Localazy](https://localazy.com/?ref=pestphp)
-- [Forge](https://forge.laravel.com/?ref=pestphp)
-- [Route4Me](https://www.route4me.com/?ref=pestphp)
-- [Spatie](https://spatie.be/?ref=pestphp)
-- [Worksome](https://www.worksome.com/?ref=pestphp)
-- [Zapiet](https://www.zapiet.com/?ref=pestphp)
+- [TestMu AI](https://www.testmuai.com/?utm_medium=sponsor&utm_source=pest)
 
 Pest is an open-sourced software licensed under the **[MIT license](https://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)**.

RELEASE.md

@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@
 
 When releasing a new version of Pest there are some checks and updates that need to be done:
 
-> **For Pest v2 you should use the `2.x` branch instead.**
+> **For Pest v3 you should use the `3.x` branch instead.**
 
-- Clear your local repository with: `git add . && git reset --hard && git checkout 3.x`
-- On the GitHub repository, check the contents of [github.com/pestphp/pest/compare/{latest_version}...3.x](https://github.com/pestphp/pest/compare/{latest_version}...3.x)
+- Clear your local repository with: `git add . && git reset --hard && git checkout 4.x`
+- On the GitHub repository, check the contents of [github.com/pestphp/pest/compare/{latest_version}...4.x](https://github.com/pestphp/pest/compare/{latest_version}...4.x)
 - Update the version number in [src/Pest.php](src/Pest.php)
 - Run the tests locally using: `composer test`
 - Commit the Pest file with the message: `git commit -m "release: vX.X.X"`

bin/pest

@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ use Pest\TestCaseMethodFilters\AssigneeTestCaseFilter;
 use Pest\TestCaseMethodFilters\IssueTestCaseFilter;
 use Pest\TestCaseMethodFilters\NotesTestCaseFilter;
 use Pest\TestCaseMethodFilters\PrTestCaseFilter;
+use Pest\TestCaseMethodFilters\FlakyTestCaseFilter;
 use Pest\TestCaseMethodFilters\TodoTestCaseFilter;
 use Pest\TestSuite;
 use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\ArgvInput;
@@ -23,6 +24,7 @@ use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\ConsoleOutput;
 
     $dirty = false;
     $todo = false;
+    $flaky = false;
     $notes = false;
 
     foreach ($arguments as $key => $value) {
@@ -57,6 +59,11 @@ use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\ConsoleOutput;
             unset($arguments[$key]);
         }
 
+        if ($value === '--flaky') {
+            $flaky = true;
+            unset($arguments[$key]);
+        }
+
         if ($value === '--notes') {
             $notes = true;
             unset($arguments[$key]);
@@ -150,6 +157,10 @@ use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\ConsoleOutput;
         $testSuite->tests->addTestCaseMethodFilter(new TodoTestCaseFilter);
     }
 
+    if ($flaky) {
+        $testSuite->tests->addTestCaseMethodFilter(new FlakyTestCaseFilter);
+    }
+
     if ($notes) {
         $testSuite->tests->addTestCaseMethodFilter(new NotesTestCaseFilter);
     }

bin/worker.php

@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ $bootPest = (static function (): void {
         $getopt['teamcity-file'] ?? null,
         $getopt['testdox-file'] ?? null,
         isset($getopt['testdox-color']),
-        $getopt['testdox-columns'] ?? null,
+        (int) ($getopt['testdox-columns'] ?? null),
     );
 
     while (true) {

composer.json

@@ -17,19 +17,21 @@
         }
     ],
     "require": {
-        "php": "^8.2.0",
-        "brianium/paratest": "^7.8.3",
-        "nunomaduro/collision": "^8.8.0",
-        "nunomaduro/termwind": "^2.3.0",
-        "pestphp/pest-plugin": "^3.0.0",
-        "pestphp/pest-plugin-arch": "^3.1.0",
-        "pestphp/pest-plugin-mutate": "^3.0.5",
-        "phpunit/phpunit": "^11.5.15"
+        "php": "^8.3.0",
+        "brianium/paratest": "^7.20.0",
+        "nunomaduro/collision": "^8.9.3",
+        "nunomaduro/termwind": "^2.4.0",
+        "pestphp/pest-plugin": "^4.0.0",
+        "pestphp/pest-plugin-arch": "^4.0.2",
+        "pestphp/pest-plugin-mutate": "^4.0.1",
+        "pestphp/pest-plugin-profanity": "^4.2.1",
+        "phpunit/phpunit": "^12.5.22",
+        "symfony/process": "^7.4.8|^8.0.8"
     },
     "conflict": {
-        "filp/whoops": "<2.16.0",
-        "phpunit/phpunit": ">11.5.15",
-        "sebastian/exporter": "<6.0.0",
+        "filp/whoops": "<2.18.3",
+        "phpunit/phpunit": ">12.5.22",
+        "sebastian/exporter": "<7.0.0",
         "webmozart/assert": "<1.11.0"
     },
     "autoload": {
@@ -48,14 +50,19 @@
             "Tests\\Fixtures\\Arch\\": "tests/Fixtures/Arch",
             "Tests\\": "tests/PHPUnit/"
         },
+        "classmap": [
+            "tests/Fixtures/Arch/ToBeCasedCorrectly/IncorrectCasing/incorrectCasing.php"
+        ],
         "files": [
             "tests/Autoload.php"
         ]
     },
     "require-dev": {
-        "pestphp/pest-dev-tools": "^3.4.0",
-        "pestphp/pest-plugin-type-coverage": "^3.5.0",
-        "symfony/process": "^7.2.5"
+        "mrpunyapal/peststan": "^0.2.5",
+        "pestphp/pest-dev-tools": "^4.1.0",
+        "pestphp/pest-plugin-browser": "^4.3.1",
+        "pestphp/pest-plugin-type-coverage": "^4.0.4",
+        "psy/psysh": "^0.12.22"
     },
     "minimum-stability": "dev",
     "prefer-stable": true,
@@ -70,19 +77,23 @@
         "bin/pest"
     ],
     "scripts": {
-        "refacto": "rector",
-        "lint": "pint",
-        "test:refacto": "rector --dry-run",
-        "test:lint": "pint --test",
+        "lint": [
+            "rector",
+            "pint --parallel"
+        ],
+        "test:lint": [
+            "rector --dry-run",
+            "pint --parallel --test"
+        ],
+        "test:profanity": "php bin/pest --profanity --compact",
         "test:type:check": "phpstan analyse --ansi --memory-limit=-1 --debug",
         "test:type:coverage": "php -d memory_limit=-1  bin/pest --type-coverage --min=100",
-        "test:unit": "php bin/pest --colors=always --exclude-group=integration --compact",
-        "test:inline": "php bin/pest --colors=always --configuration=phpunit.inline.xml",
-        "test:parallel": "php bin/pest --colors=always --exclude-group=integration --parallel --processes=3",
-        "test:integration": "php bin/pest --colors=always --group=integration -v",
-        "update:snapshots": "REBUILD_SNAPSHOTS=true php bin/pest --colors=always --update-snapshots",
+        "test:unit": "php bin/pest --exclude-group=integration --compact",
+        "test:inline": "php bin/pest --configuration=phpunit.inline.xml",
+        "test:parallel": "php bin/pest --exclude-group=integration --parallel --processes=3",
+        "test:integration": "php bin/pest --group=integration -v",
+        "update:snapshots": "REBUILD_SNAPSHOTS=true php bin/pest --update-snapshots",
         "test": [
-            "@test:refacto",
             "@test:lint",
             "@test:type:check",
             "@test:type:coverage",
@@ -111,6 +122,7 @@
                 "Pest\\Plugins\\Snapshot",
                 "Pest\\Plugins\\Verbose",
                 "Pest\\Plugins\\Version",
+                "Pest\\Plugins\\Shard",
                 "Pest\\Plugins\\Parallel"
             ]
         },

docker-compose.yml

@@ -1,14 +0,0 @@
-version: "3.8"
-
-services:
-  php:
-    build:
-      context: ./docker
-    volumes:
-      - .:/var/www/html
-  composer:
-    build:
-      context: ./docker
-    volumes:
-      - .:/var/www/html
-    entrypoint: ["composer"]

overrides/Event/Value/ThrowableBuilder.php

@@ -52,6 +52,8 @@ use PHPUnit\Util\Filter;
 use PHPUnit\Util\ThrowableToStringMapper;
 
 /**
+ * @no-named-arguments Parameter names are not covered by the backward compatibility promise for PHPUnit
+ *
  * @internal This class is not covered by the backward compatibility promise for PHPUnit
  */
 final readonly class ThrowableBuilder
@@ -82,7 +84,7 @@ final readonly class ThrowableBuilder
             $t->getMessage(),
             ThrowableToStringMapper::map($t),
             $trace,
-            $previous
+            $previous,
         );
     }
 }

overrides/Logging/JUnit/JunitXmlLogger.php

@@ -1,6 +1,39 @@
 <?php
 
+/*
+ * BSD 3-Clause License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2023, Sebastian Bergmann
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ *    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+ *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ *    this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+ * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+ * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
 declare(strict_types=1);
+
 /*
  * This file is part of PHPUnit.
  *
@@ -14,6 +47,9 @@ namespace PHPUnit\Logging\JUnit;
 
 use DOMDocument;
 use DOMElement;
+use Pest\Logging\Converter;
+use Pest\Support\Container;
+use Pest\TestSuite;
 use PHPUnit\Event\Code\Test;
 use PHPUnit\Event\Code\TestMethod;
 use PHPUnit\Event\EventFacadeIsSealedException;
@@ -50,7 +86,7 @@ final class JunitXmlLogger
 {
     private readonly Printer $printer;
 
-    private readonly \Pest\Logging\Converter $converter; // pest-added
+    private readonly Converter $converter; // pest-added
 
     private DOMDocument $document;
 
@@ -108,7 +144,7 @@ final class JunitXmlLogger
     public function __construct(Printer $printer, Facade $facade)
     {
         $this->printer = $printer;
-        $this->converter = new \Pest\Logging\Converter(\Pest\Support\Container::getInstance()->get(\Pest\TestSuite::class)->rootPath); // pest-added
+        $this->converter = new Converter(Container::getInstance()->get(TestSuite::class)->rootPath); // pest-added
 
         $this->registerSubscribers($facade);
         $this->createDocument();

overrides/Runner/Filter/NameFilterIterator.php

@@ -99,7 +99,9 @@ abstract class NameFilterIterator extends RecursiveFilterIterator
         }
 
         if ($test instanceof HasPrintableTestCaseName) {
-            $name = $test::getPrintableTestCaseName().'::'.$test->getPrintableTestCaseMethodName();
+            $name = trim(
+                $test::getPrintableTestCaseName().'::'.$test->getPrintableTestCaseMethodName().$test->dataSetAsString()
+            );
         } else {
             $name = $test::class.'::'.$test->nameWithDataSet();
         }

overrides/Runner/ResultCache/DefaultResultCache.php

@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ use const DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
 use const LOCK_EX;
 
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestStatus\TestStatus;
-use PHPUnit\Runner\DirectoryCannotBeCreatedException;
+use PHPUnit\Runner\DirectoryDoesNotExistException;
 use PHPUnit\Runner\Exception;
 use PHPUnit\Util\Filesystem;
 
@@ -72,10 +72,7 @@ use function Pest\version;
  */
 final class DefaultResultCache implements ResultCache
 {
-    /**
-     * @var string
-     */
-    private const DEFAULT_RESULT_CACHE_FILENAME = '.phpunit.result.cache';
+    private const string DEFAULT_RESULT_CACHE_FILENAME = '.phpunit.result.cache';
 
     private readonly string $cacheFilename;
 
@@ -98,28 +95,28 @@ final class DefaultResultCache implements ResultCache
         $this->cacheFilename = $filepath ?? $_ENV['PHPUNIT_RESULT_CACHE'] ?? self::DEFAULT_RESULT_CACHE_FILENAME;
     }
 
-    public function setStatus(string $id, TestStatus $status): void
+    public function setStatus(ResultCacheId $id, TestStatus $status): void
     {
         if ($status->isSuccess()) {
             return;
         }
 
-        $this->defects[$id] = $status;
+        $this->defects[$id->asString()] = $status;
     }
 
-    public function status(string $id): TestStatus
+    public function status(ResultCacheId $id): TestStatus
     {
-        return $this->defects[$id] ?? TestStatus::unknown();
+        return $this->defects[$id->asString()] ?? TestStatus::unknown();
     }
 
-    public function setTime(string $id, float $time): void
+    public function setTime(ResultCacheId $id, float $time): void
     {
-        $this->times[$id] = $time;
+        $this->times[$id->asString()] = $time;
     }
 
-    public function time(string $id): float
+    public function time(ResultCacheId $id): float
     {
-        return $this->times[$id] ?? 0.0;
+        return $this->times[$id->asString()] ?? 0.0;
     }
 
     public function mergeWith(self $other): void
@@ -179,7 +176,7 @@ final class DefaultResultCache implements ResultCache
     public function persist(): void
     {
         if (! Filesystem::createDirectory(dirname($this->cacheFilename))) {
-            throw new DirectoryCannotBeCreatedException($this->cacheFilename);
+            throw new DirectoryDoesNotExistException(dirname($this->cacheFilename));
         }
 
         $data = [

overrides/Runner/TestSuiteSorter.php

@@ -0,0 +1,388 @@
+<?php
+
+/*
+ * BSD 3-Clause License
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2001-2023, Sebastian Bergmann
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this
+ *    list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice,
+ *    this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation
+ *    and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
+ *
+ * 3. Neither the name of the copyright holder nor the names of its
+ *    contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
+ *    this software without specific prior written permission.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS"
+ * AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT HOLDER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
+ * FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
+ * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR
+ * SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER
+ * CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY,
+ * OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
+ * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ */
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+/*
+ * This file is part of PHPUnit.
+ *
+ * (c) Sebastian Bergmann <sebastian@phpunit.de>
+ *
+ * For the full copyright and license information, please view the LICENSE
+ * file that was distributed with this source code.
+ */
+
+namespace PHPUnit\Runner;
+
+use PHPUnit\Framework\DataProviderTestSuite;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Reorderable;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Test;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestSuite;
+use PHPUnit\Runner\ResultCache\NullResultCache;
+use PHPUnit\Runner\ResultCache\ResultCache;
+use PHPUnit\Runner\ResultCache\ResultCacheId;
+
+use function array_diff;
+use function array_merge;
+use function array_reverse;
+use function array_splice;
+use function assert;
+use function count;
+use function in_array;
+use function max;
+use function shuffle;
+use function usort;
+
+/**
+ * @internal This class is not covered by the backward compatibility promise for PHPUnit
+ */
+final class TestSuiteSorter
+{
+    public const int ORDER_DEFAULT = 0;
+
+    public const int ORDER_RANDOMIZED = 1;
+
+    public const int ORDER_REVERSED = 2;
+
+    public const int ORDER_DEFECTS_FIRST = 3;
+
+    public const int ORDER_DURATION = 4;
+
+    public const int ORDER_SIZE = 5;
+
+    /**
+     * @var non-empty-array<non-empty-string, positive-int>
+     */
+    private const array SIZE_SORT_WEIGHT = [
+        'small' => 1,
+        'medium' => 2,
+        'large' => 3,
+        'unknown' => 4,
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * @var array<string, int> Associative array of (string => DEFECT_SORT_WEIGHT) elements
+     */
+    private array $defectSortOrder = [];
+
+    private readonly ResultCache $cache;
+
+    public function __construct(?ResultCache $cache = null)
+    {
+        $this->cache = $cache ?? new NullResultCache;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @throws Exception
+     */
+    public function reorderTestsInSuite(Test $suite, int $order, bool $resolveDependencies, int $orderDefects): void
+    {
+        $allowedOrders = [
+            self::ORDER_DEFAULT,
+            self::ORDER_REVERSED,
+            self::ORDER_RANDOMIZED,
+            self::ORDER_DURATION,
+            self::ORDER_SIZE,
+        ];
+
+        if (! in_array($order, $allowedOrders, true)) {
+            // @codeCoverageIgnoreStart
+            throw new InvalidOrderException;
+            // @codeCoverageIgnoreEnd
+        }
+
+        $allowedOrderDefects = [
+            self::ORDER_DEFAULT,
+            self::ORDER_DEFECTS_FIRST,
+        ];
+
+        if (! in_array($orderDefects, $allowedOrderDefects, true)) {
+            // @codeCoverageIgnoreStart
+            throw new InvalidOrderException;
+            // @codeCoverageIgnoreEnd
+        }
+
+        if ($suite instanceof TestSuite) {
+            foreach ($suite as $_suite) {
+                $this->reorderTestsInSuite($_suite, $order, $resolveDependencies, $orderDefects);
+            }
+
+            if ($orderDefects === self::ORDER_DEFECTS_FIRST) {
+                $this->addSuiteToDefectSortOrder($suite);
+            }
+
+            $this->sort($suite, $order, $resolveDependencies, $orderDefects);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function sort(TestSuite $suite, int $order, bool $resolveDependencies, int $orderDefects): void
+    {
+        if ($suite->tests() === []) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if ($order === self::ORDER_REVERSED) {
+            $suite->setTests($this->reverse($suite->tests()));
+        } elseif ($order === self::ORDER_RANDOMIZED) {
+            $suite->setTests($this->randomize($suite->tests()));
+        } elseif ($order === self::ORDER_DURATION) {
+            $suite->setTests($this->sortByDuration($suite->tests()));
+        } elseif ($order === self::ORDER_SIZE) {
+            $suite->setTests($this->sortBySize($suite->tests()));
+        }
+
+        if ($orderDefects === self::ORDER_DEFECTS_FIRST) {
+            $suite->setTests($this->sortDefectsFirst($suite->tests()));
+        }
+
+        if ($resolveDependencies && ! ($suite instanceof DataProviderTestSuite)) {
+            $tests = $suite->tests();
+
+            /** @noinspection PhpParamsInspection */
+            /** @phpstan-ignore argument.type */
+            $suite->setTests($this->resolveDependencies($tests));
+        }
+    }
+
+    private function addSuiteToDefectSortOrder(TestSuite $suite): void
+    {
+        $max = 0;
+
+        foreach ($suite->tests() as $test) {
+            assert($test instanceof Reorderable);
+
+            $sortId = $test->sortId();
+
+            if (! isset($this->defectSortOrder[$sortId])) {
+                $this->defectSortOrder[$sortId] = $this->cache->status(ResultCacheId::fromReorderable($test))->asInt();
+                $max = max($max, $this->defectSortOrder[$sortId]);
+            }
+        }
+
+        $this->defectSortOrder[$suite->sortId()] = $max;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  list<Test>  $tests
+     * @return list<Test>
+     */
+    private function reverse(array $tests): array
+    {
+        return array_reverse($tests);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  list<Test>  $tests
+     * @return list<Test>
+     */
+    private function randomize(array $tests): array
+    {
+        shuffle($tests);
+
+        return $tests;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  list<Test>  $tests
+     * @return list<Test>
+     */
+    private function sortDefectsFirst(array $tests): array
+    {
+        usort(
+            $tests,
+            fn (Test $left, Test $right) => $this->cmpDefectPriorityAndTime($left, $right),
+        );
+
+        return $tests;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  list<Test>  $tests
+     * @return list<Test>
+     */
+    private function sortByDuration(array $tests): array
+    {
+        usort(
+            $tests,
+            fn (Test $left, Test $right) => $this->cmpDuration($left, $right),
+        );
+
+        return $tests;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  list<Test>  $tests
+     * @return list<Test>
+     */
+    private function sortBySize(array $tests): array
+    {
+        usort(
+            $tests,
+            fn (Test $left, Test $right) => $this->cmpSize($left, $right),
+        );
+
+        return $tests;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Comparator callback function to sort tests for "reach failure as fast as possible".
+     *
+     * 1. sort tests by defect weight defined in self::DEFECT_SORT_WEIGHT
+     * 2. when tests are equally defective, sort the fastest to the front
+     * 3. do not reorder successful tests
+     */
+    private function cmpDefectPriorityAndTime(Test $a, Test $b): int
+    {
+        assert($a instanceof Reorderable);
+        assert($b instanceof Reorderable);
+
+        $priorityA = $this->defectSortOrder[$a->sortId()] ?? 0;
+        $priorityB = $this->defectSortOrder[$b->sortId()] ?? 0;
+
+        if ($priorityA !== $priorityB) {
+            // Sort defect weight descending
+            return $priorityB <=> $priorityA;
+        }
+
+        if ($priorityA > 0 || $priorityB > 0) {
+            return $this->cmpDuration($a, $b);
+        }
+
+        // do not change execution order
+        return 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares test duration for sorting tests by duration ascending.
+     */
+    private function cmpDuration(Test $a, Test $b): int
+    {
+        if (! ($a instanceof Reorderable && $b instanceof Reorderable)) {
+            return 0;
+        }
+
+        return $this->cache->time(ResultCacheId::fromReorderable($a)) <=> $this->cache->time(ResultCacheId::fromReorderable($b));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Compares test size for sorting tests small->medium->large->unknown.
+     */
+    private function cmpSize(Test $a, Test $b): int
+    {
+        $sizeA = ($a instanceof TestCase || $a instanceof DataProviderTestSuite)
+            ? $a->size()->asString()
+            : 'unknown';
+        $sizeB = ($b instanceof TestCase || $b instanceof DataProviderTestSuite)
+            ? $b->size()->asString()
+            : 'unknown';
+
+        return self::SIZE_SORT_WEIGHT[$sizeA] <=> self::SIZE_SORT_WEIGHT[$sizeB];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reorder Tests within a TestCase in such a way as to resolve as many dependencies as possible.
+     * The algorithm will leave the tests in original running order when it can.
+     * For more details see the documentation for test dependencies.
+     *
+     * Short description of algorithm:
+     * 1. Pick the next Test from remaining tests to be checked for dependencies.
+     * 2. If the test has no dependencies: mark done, start again from the top
+     * 3. If the test has dependencies but none left to do: mark done, start again from the top
+     * 4. When we reach the end add any leftover tests to the end. These will be marked 'skipped' during execution.
+     *
+     * @param  array<TestCase>  $tests
+     * @return array<TestCase>
+     */
+    private function resolveDependencies(array $tests): array
+    {
+        // Pest: Fast-path. If no test in this suite declares dependencies, the
+        // original O(N^2) algorithm is wasted work — it would splice each test
+        // one-by-one back into the same order. The check deliberately walks
+        // TestCase instances directly instead of calling TestSuite::requires(),
+        // because the latter lazily builds TestSuite::provides() via
+        // ExecutionOrderDependency::mergeUnique, which is O(N^2) in the total
+        // number of tests. With thousands of tests that single call alone can
+        // burn several seconds before the sort even begins. Reading the
+        // cached TestCase::$dependencies property stays O(N) and costs nothing
+        // when no test uses `->depends()` / PHPUnit `@depends`.
+        if (! $this->anyTestHasDependencies($tests)) {
+            return $tests;
+        }
+
+        $newTestOrder = [];
+        $i = 0;
+        $provided = [];
+
+        do {
+            if (array_diff($tests[$i]->requires(), $provided) === []) {
+                $provided = array_merge($provided, $tests[$i]->provides());
+                $newTestOrder = array_merge($newTestOrder, array_splice($tests, $i, 1));
+                $i = 0;
+            } else {
+                $i++;
+            }
+        } while ($tests !== [] && ($i < count($tests)));
+
+        return array_merge($newTestOrder, $tests);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Cheaply determines whether any test in the tree declares @depends.
+     *
+     * Walks `TestSuite` containers recursively and inspects each `TestCase`
+     * directly so it never triggers `TestSuite::provides()`, which is O(N^2)
+     * in the total number of aggregated tests.
+     *
+     * @param  iterable<Test>  $tests
+     */
+    private function anyTestHasDependencies(iterable $tests): bool
+    {
+        foreach ($tests as $test) {
+            if ($test instanceof TestSuite) {
+                if ($this->anyTestHasDependencies($test->tests())) {
+                    return true;
+                }
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if ($test instanceof TestCase && $test->requires() !== []) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+}

overrides/TextUI/TestSuiteFilterProcessor.php

@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace PHPUnit\TextUI;
 
 use Pest\Plugins\Only;
+use Pest\Runner\Filter\EnsureTestCaseIsInitiatedFilter;
 use PHPUnit\Event;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestSuite;
 use PHPUnit\Runner\Filter\Factory;
@@ -66,6 +67,12 @@ final readonly class TestSuiteFilterProcessor
     {
         $factory = new Factory;
 
+        // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
+        (fn () => $this->filters[] = [
+            'className' => EnsureTestCaseIsInitiatedFilter::class,
+            'argument' => '',
+        ])->call($factory);
+
         if (! $configuration->hasFilter() &&
             ! $configuration->hasGroups() &&
             ! $configuration->hasExcludeGroups() &&
@@ -73,6 +80,8 @@ final readonly class TestSuiteFilterProcessor
             ! $configuration->hasTestsCovering() &&
             ! $configuration->hasTestsUsing() &&
             ! Only::isEnabled()) {
+            $suite->injectFilter($factory);
+
             return;
         }
 

phpstan-baseline.neon

@@ -1,11 +1,5 @@
 parameters:
 	ignoreErrors:
-		-
-			message: '#^Parameter \#1 of callable callable\(Pest\\Expectation\<string\|null\>\)\: Pest\\Arch\\Contracts\\ArchExpectation expects Pest\\Expectation\<string\|null\>, Pest\\Expectation\<string\|null\> given\.$#'
-			identifier: argument.type
-			count: 1
-			path: src/ArchPresets/AbstractPreset.php
-
 		-
 			message: '#^Trait Pest\\Concerns\\Expectable is used zero times and is not analysed\.$#'
 			identifier: trait.unused
@@ -24,12 +18,6 @@ parameters:
 			count: 1
 			path: src/Concerns/Testable.php
 
-		-
-			message: '#^Loose comparison using \!\= between \(Closure\|null\) and false will always evaluate to false\.$#'
-			identifier: notEqual.alwaysFalse
-			count: 1
-			path: src/Expectation.php
-
 		-
 			message: '#^Method Pest\\Expectation\:\:and\(\) should return Pest\\Expectation\<TAndValue\> but returns \(Pest\\Expectation&TAndValue\)\|Pest\\Expectation\<TAndValue of mixed\>\.$#'
 			identifier: return.type
@@ -102,78 +90,12 @@ parameters:
 			count: 1
 			path: src/PendingCalls/TestCall.php
 
-		-
-			message: '#^Parameter \#1 \$argv of class Symfony\\Component\\Console\\Input\\ArgvInput constructor expects list\<string\>\|null, array\<int, string\> given\.$#'
-			identifier: argument.type
-			count: 1
-			path: src/Plugins/Parallel.php
-
-		-
-			message: '#^Parameter \#13 \$testRunnerTriggeredDeprecationEvents of class PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\TestResult constructor expects list\<PHPUnit\\Event\\TestRunner\\DeprecationTriggered\>, array given\.$#'
-			identifier: argument.type
-			count: 1
-			path: src/Plugins/Parallel/Paratest/WrapperRunner.php
-
-		-
-			message: '#^Parameter \#14 \$testRunnerTriggeredWarningEvents of class PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\TestResult constructor expects list\<PHPUnit\\Event\\TestRunner\\WarningTriggered\>, array given\.$#'
-			identifier: argument.type
-			count: 1
-			path: src/Plugins/Parallel/Paratest/WrapperRunner.php
-
-		-
-			message: '#^Parameter \#15 \$errors of class PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\TestResult constructor expects list\<PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\Issues\\Issue\>, array given\.$#'
-			identifier: argument.type
-			count: 1
-			path: src/Plugins/Parallel/Paratest/WrapperRunner.php
-
-		-
-			message: '#^Parameter \#16 \$deprecations of class PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\TestResult constructor expects list\<PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\Issues\\Issue\>, array given\.$#'
-			identifier: argument.type
-			count: 1
-			path: src/Plugins/Parallel/Paratest/WrapperRunner.php
-
-		-
-			message: '#^Parameter \#17 \$notices of class PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\TestResult constructor expects list\<PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\Issues\\Issue\>, array given\.$#'
-			identifier: argument.type
-			count: 1
-			path: src/Plugins/Parallel/Paratest/WrapperRunner.php
-
-		-
-			message: '#^Parameter \#18 \$warnings of class PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\TestResult constructor expects list\<PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\Issues\\Issue\>, array given\.$#'
-			identifier: argument.type
-			count: 1
-			path: src/Plugins/Parallel/Paratest/WrapperRunner.php
-
-		-
-			message: '#^Parameter \#19 \$phpDeprecations of class PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\TestResult constructor expects list\<PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\Issues\\Issue\>, array given\.$#'
-			identifier: argument.type
-			count: 1
-			path: src/Plugins/Parallel/Paratest/WrapperRunner.php
-
-		-
-			message: '#^Parameter \#20 \$phpNotices of class PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\TestResult constructor expects list\<PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\Issues\\Issue\>, array given\.$#'
-			identifier: argument.type
-			count: 1
-			path: src/Plugins/Parallel/Paratest/WrapperRunner.php
-
-		-
-			message: '#^Parameter \#21 \$phpWarnings of class PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\TestResult constructor expects list\<PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\Issues\\Issue\>, array given\.$#'
-			identifier: argument.type
-			count: 1
-			path: src/Plugins/Parallel/Paratest/WrapperRunner.php
-
 		-
 			message: '#^Parameter \#4 \$testErroredEvents of class PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\TestResult constructor expects list\<PHPUnit\\Event\\Test\\AfterLastTestMethodErrored\|PHPUnit\\Event\\Test\\BeforeFirstTestMethodErrored\|PHPUnit\\Event\\Test\\Errored\>, array given\.$#'
 			identifier: argument.type
 			count: 1
 			path: src/Plugins/Parallel/Paratest/WrapperRunner.php
 
-		-
-			message: '#^Parameter \#5 \$testFailedEvents of class PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\TestResult constructor expects list\<PHPUnit\\Event\\Test\\Failed\>, array given\.$#'
-			identifier: argument.type
-			count: 1
-			path: src/Plugins/Parallel/Paratest/WrapperRunner.php
-
 		-
 			message: '#^Parameter \#7 \$testSuiteSkippedEvents of class PHPUnit\\TestRunner\\TestResult\\TestResult constructor expects list\<PHPUnit\\Event\\TestSuite\\Skipped\>, array given\.$#'
 			identifier: argument.type

phpstan-pest-extension.neon

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+services:
+    -
+        class: Pest\PHPStan\HigherOrderExpectationTypeExtension
+        tags:
+            - phpstan.broker.expressionTypeResolverExtension

phpstan.neon

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 includes:
     - phpstan-baseline.neon
+    - phpstan-pest-extension.neon
+    - vendor/mrpunyapal/peststan/extension.neon
 
 parameters:
     level: 7
@@ -7,6 +9,3 @@ parameters:
         - src
 
     reportUnmatchedIgnoredErrors: false
-
-    ignoreErrors:
-        - "#type mixed is not subtype of native#"

phpunit.xml

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
   <testsuites>
     <testsuite name="default">
       <directory suffix=".php">./tests</directory>
+      <directory suffix=".php">./tests-external</directory>
       <exclude>./tests/.snapshots</exclude>
       <exclude>./tests/.tests</exclude>
       <exclude>./tests/Fixtures/Inheritance</exclude>

rector.php

@@ -2,7 +2,10 @@
 
 declare(strict_types=1);
 
+use Rector\CodingStyle\Rector\ArrowFunction\ArrowFunctionDelegatingCallToFirstClassCallableRector;
 use Rector\Config\RectorConfig;
+use Rector\DeadCode\Rector\ClassMethod\RemoveParentDelegatingConstructorRector;
+use Rector\TypeDeclaration\Rector\ClassMethod\NarrowObjectReturnTypeRector;
 use Rector\TypeDeclaration\Rector\ClassMethod\ReturnNeverTypeRector;
 
 return RectorConfig::configure()
@@ -12,6 +15,9 @@ return RectorConfig::configure()
     ->withSkip([
         __DIR__.'/src/Plugins/Parallel/Paratest/WrapperRunner.php',
         ReturnNeverTypeRector::class,
+        ArrowFunctionDelegatingCallToFirstClassCallableRector::class,
+        NarrowObjectReturnTypeRector::class,
+        RemoveParentDelegatingConstructorRector::class,
     ])
     ->withPreparedSets(
         deadCode: true,

resources/views/installers/plugin-browser.php

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<div class="mx-2 mb-1">
+    <p>
+        <span>Using the <span class="text-yellow font-bold">visit()</span> function requires the Pest Plugin Browser to be installed.</span>
+
+        <span class="ml-1 text-yellow font-bold">Run:</span>
+    </p>
+
+    <div>
+        <span class="text-gray mr-1">- </span>
+        <span>composer require pestphp/pest-plugin-browser:^4.0 --dev</span>
+    </div>
+
+    <div>
+        <span class="text-gray mr-1">- </span>
+        <span>npm install playwright@latest</span>
+    </div>
+
+    <div>
+        <span class="text-gray mr-1">- </span>
+        <span>npx playwright install</span>
+    </div>
+</div>

src/ArchPresets/AbstractPreset.php

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ abstract class AbstractPreset // @pest-arch-ignore-line
     /**
      * Runs the given callback for each namespace.
      *
-     * @param  callable(Expectation<string|null>): ArchExpectation  ...$callbacks
+     * @param  callable(Expectation<string>): ArchExpectation  ...$callbacks
      */
     final public function eachUserNamespace(callable ...$callbacks): void
     {

src/ArchPresets/Laravel.php

@@ -35,7 +35,8 @@ final class Laravel extends AbstractPreset
             ->ignoring('App\Features\Concerns');
 
         $this->expectations[] = expect('App\Features')
-            ->toHaveMethod('resolve');
+            ->toHaveMethod('resolve')
+            ->ignoring('App\Features\Concerns');
 
         $this->expectations[] = expect('App\Exceptions')
             ->classes()
@@ -68,6 +69,7 @@ final class Laravel extends AbstractPreset
             ->toHaveSuffix('Request');
 
         $this->expectations[] = expect('App\Http\Requests')
+            ->classes()
             ->toExtend('Illuminate\Foundation\Http\FormRequest');
 
         $this->expectations[] = expect('App\Http\Requests')
@@ -117,6 +119,7 @@ final class Laravel extends AbstractPreset
             ->toHaveMethod('handle');
 
         $this->expectations[] = expect('App\Notifications')
+            ->classes()
             ->toExtend('Illuminate\Notifications\Notification');
 
         $this->expectations[] = expect('App')
@@ -127,6 +130,7 @@ final class Laravel extends AbstractPreset
             ->toHaveSuffix('ServiceProvider');
 
         $this->expectations[] = expect('App\Providers')
+            ->classes()
             ->toExtend('Illuminate\Support\ServiceProvider');
 
         $this->expectations[] = expect('App\Providers')
@@ -149,7 +153,7 @@ final class Laravel extends AbstractPreset
             ->toHaveSuffix('Controller');
 
         $this->expectations[] = expect('App\Http')
-            ->toOnlyBeUsedIn('App\Http');
+            ->toOnlyBeUsedIn(['App\Http', 'App\Providers']);
 
         $this->expectations[] = expect('App\Http\Controllers')
             ->not->toHavePublicMethodsBesides(['__construct', '__invoke', 'index', 'show', 'create', 'store', 'edit', 'update', 'destroy', 'middleware']);
@@ -166,5 +170,11 @@ final class Laravel extends AbstractPreset
         $this->expectations[] = expect('App\Policies')
             ->classes()
             ->toHaveSuffix('Policy');
+
+        $this->expectations[] = expect('App\Attributes')
+            ->classes()
+            ->toImplement('Illuminate\Contracts\Container\ContextualAttribute')
+            ->toHaveAttribute('Attribute')
+            ->toHaveMethod('resolve');
     }
 }

src/ArchPresets/Security.php

@@ -32,7 +32,6 @@ final class Security extends AbstractPreset
             'create_function',
             'unserialize',
             'extract',
-            'parse_str',
             'mb_parse_str',
             'dl',
             'assert',

src/Bootstrappers/BootExcludeList.php

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ final class BootExcludeList implements Bootstrapper
      *
      * @var array<int, non-empty-string>
      */
-    private const EXCLUDE_LIST = [
+    private const array EXCLUDE_LIST = [
         'bin',
         'overrides',
         'resources',

src/Bootstrappers/BootFiles.php

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace Pest\Bootstrappers;
 
 use Pest\Contracts\Bootstrapper;
+use Pest\Exceptions\FatalException;
 use Pest\Support\DatasetInfo;
 use Pest\Support\Str;
 use Pest\TestSuite;
@@ -24,7 +25,7 @@ final class BootFiles implements Bootstrapper
      *
      * @var array<int, string>
      */
-    private const STRUCTURE = [
+    private const array STRUCTURE = [
         'Expectations',
         'Expectations.php',
         'Helpers',
@@ -40,6 +41,10 @@ final class BootFiles implements Bootstrapper
         $rootPath = TestSuite::getInstance()->rootPath;
         $testsPath = $rootPath.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.testDirectory();
 
+        if (! is_dir($testsPath)) {
+            throw new FatalException(sprintf('The test directory [%s] does not exist.', $testsPath));
+        }
+
         foreach (self::STRUCTURE as $filename) {
             $filename = sprintf('%s%s%s', $testsPath, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $filename);
 
@@ -78,7 +83,7 @@ final class BootFiles implements Bootstrapper
 
     private function bootDatasets(string $testsPath): void
     {
-        assert(strlen($testsPath) > 0);
+        assert($testsPath !== '');
 
         $files = (new PhpUnitFileIterator)->getFilesAsArray($testsPath, '.php');
 

src/Bootstrappers/BootOverrides.php

@@ -15,17 +15,18 @@ final class BootOverrides implements Bootstrapper
     /**
      * The list of files to be overridden.
      *
-     * @var array<string, string>
+     * @var array<int, string>
      */
-    public const FILES = [
-        '53c246e5f416a39817ac81124cdd64ea8403038d01d7a202e1ffa486fbdf3fa7' => 'Runner/Filter/NameFilterIterator.php',
-        '77ffb7647b583bd82e37962c6fbdc4b04d3344d8a2c1ed103e625ed1ff7cb5c2' => 'Runner/ResultCache/DefaultResultCache.php',
-        'd0e81317889ad88c707db4b08a94cadee4c9010d05ff0a759f04e71af5efed89' => 'Runner/TestSuiteLoader.php',
-        '3bb609b0d3bf6dee8df8d6cd62a3c8ece823c4bb941eaaae39e3cb267171b9d2' => 'TextUI/Command/Commands/WarmCodeCoverageCacheCommand.php',
-        '8abdad6413329c6fe0d7d44a8b9926e390af32c0b3123f3720bb9c5bbc6fbb7e' => 'TextUI/Output/Default/ProgressPrinter/Subscriber/TestSkippedSubscriber.php',
-        'b4250fc3ffad5954624cb5e682fd940b874e8d3422fa1ee298bd7225e1aa5fc2' => 'TextUI/TestSuiteFilterProcessor.php',
-        '8cfcb4999af79463eca51a42058e502ea4ddc776cba5677bf2f8eb6093e21a5c' => 'Event/Value/ThrowableBuilder.php',
-        '86cd9bcaa53cdd59c5b13e58f30064a015c549501e7629d93b96893d4dee1eb1' => 'Logging/JUnit/JunitXmlLogger.php',
+    public const array FILES = [
+        'Runner/Filter/NameFilterIterator.php',
+        'Runner/ResultCache/DefaultResultCache.php',
+        'Runner/TestSuiteLoader.php',
+        'Runner/TestSuiteSorter.php',
+        'TextUI/Command/Commands/WarmCodeCoverageCacheCommand.php',
+        'TextUI/Output/Default/ProgressPrinter/Subscriber/TestSkippedSubscriber.php',
+        'TextUI/TestSuiteFilterProcessor.php',
+        'Event/Value/ThrowableBuilder.php',
+        'Logging/JUnit/JunitXmlLogger.php',
     ];
 
     /**

src/Bootstrappers/BootSubscribers.php

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ final readonly class BootSubscribers implements Bootstrapper
      *
      * @var array<int, class-string<Subscriber>>
      */
-    private const SUBSCRIBERS = [
+    private const array SUBSCRIBERS = [
         Subscribers\EnsureConfigurationIsAvailable::class,
         Subscribers\EnsureIgnorableTestCasesAreIgnored::class,
         Subscribers\EnsureKernelDumpIsFlushed::class,

src/Concerns/Extendable.php

@@ -8,6 +8,8 @@ use Closure;
 
 /**
  * @internal
+ *
+ * @template T of object
  */
 trait Extendable
 {
@@ -20,6 +22,8 @@ trait Extendable
 
     /**
      * Register a new extend.
+     *
+     * @param-closure-this T $extend
      */
     public function extend(string $name, Closure $extend): void
     {

src/Concerns/Pipeable.php

@@ -66,6 +66,6 @@ trait Pipeable
      */
     private function pipes(string $name, object $context, string $scope): array
     {
-        return array_map(fn (Closure $pipe): \Closure => $pipe->bindTo($context, $scope), self::$pipes[$name] ?? []);
+        return array_map(fn (Closure $pipe): Closure => $pipe->bindTo($context, $scope), self::$pipes[$name] ?? []);
     }
 }

src/Concerns/Testable.php

@@ -6,12 +6,16 @@ namespace Pest\Concerns;
 
 use Closure;
 use Pest\Exceptions\DatasetArgumentsMismatch;
+use Pest\Panic;
 use Pest\Preset;
 use Pest\Support\ChainableClosure;
 use Pest\Support\ExceptionTrace;
 use Pest\Support\Reflection;
+use Pest\Support\Shell;
 use Pest\TestSuite;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\PostCondition;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\IncompleteTest;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\SkippedTest;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 use ReflectionException;
 use ReflectionFunction;
@@ -101,27 +105,6 @@ trait Testable
      */
     private array $__snapshotChanges = [];
 
-    /**
-     * Creates a new Test Case instance.
-     */
-    public function __construct(string $name)
-    {
-        parent::__construct($name);
-
-        $test = TestSuite::getInstance()->tests->get(self::$__filename);
-
-        if ($test->hasMethod($name)) {
-            $method = $test->getMethod($name);
-            $this->__description = self::$__latestDescription = $method->description;
-            self::$__latestAssignees = $method->assignees;
-            self::$__latestNotes = $method->notes;
-            self::$__latestIssues = $method->issues;
-            self::$__latestPrs = $method->prs;
-            $this->__describing = $method->describing;
-            $this->__test = $method->getClosure();
-        }
-    }
-
     /**
      * Resets the test case static properties.
      */
@@ -148,7 +131,7 @@ trait Testable
      */
     public function __addBeforeAll(?Closure $hook): void
     {
-        if (! $hook instanceof \Closure) {
+        if (! $hook instanceof Closure) {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -162,7 +145,7 @@ trait Testable
      */
     public function __addAfterAll(?Closure $hook): void
     {
-        if (! $hook instanceof \Closure) {
+        if (! $hook instanceof Closure) {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -192,7 +175,7 @@ trait Testable
      */
     private function __addHook(string $property, ?Closure $hook): void
     {
-        if (! $hook instanceof \Closure) {
+        if (! $hook instanceof Closure) {
             return;
         }
 
@@ -214,7 +197,11 @@ trait Testable
             $beforeAll = ChainableClosure::boundStatically(self::$__beforeAll, $beforeAll);
         }
 
+        try {
             call_user_func(Closure::bind($beforeAll, null, self::class));
+        } catch (Throwable $e) {
+            Panic::with($e);
+        }
     }
 
     /**
@@ -242,8 +229,6 @@ trait Testable
 
         $method = TestSuite::getInstance()->tests->get(self::$__filename)->getMethod($this->name());
 
-        $method->setUp($this);
-
         $description = $method->description;
         if ($this->dataName()) {
             $description = str_contains((string) $description, ':dataset')
@@ -285,6 +270,33 @@ trait Testable
         $this->__callClosure($beforeEach, $arguments);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Initialize test case properties from TestSuite.
+     */
+    public function __initializeTestCase(): void
+    {
+        // Return if the test case has already been initialized
+        if (isset($this->__test)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $name = $this->name();
+        $test = TestSuite::getInstance()->tests->get(self::$__filename);
+
+        if ($test->hasMethod($name)) {
+            $method = $test->getMethod($name);
+            $this->__description = self::$__latestDescription = $method->description;
+            self::$__latestAssignees = $method->assignees;
+            self::$__latestNotes = $method->notes;
+            self::$__latestIssues = $method->issues;
+            self::$__latestPrs = $method->prs;
+            $this->__describing = $method->describing;
+            $this->__test = $method->getClosure();
+
+            $method->setUp($this);
+        }
+    }
+
     /**
      * Gets executed after the Test Case.
      */
@@ -318,9 +330,82 @@ trait Testable
         $arguments = $this->__resolveTestArguments($args);
         $this->__ensureDatasetArgumentNameAndNumberMatches($arguments);
 
+        $method = TestSuite::getInstance()->tests->get(self::$__filename)->getMethod($this->name());
+
+        if ($method->flakyTries === null) {
             return $this->__callClosure($closure, $arguments);
         }
 
+        $lastException = null;
+        $initialProperties = get_object_vars($this);
+
+        for ($attempt = 1; $attempt <= $method->flakyTries; $attempt++) {
+            try {
+                return $this->__callClosure($closure, $arguments);
+            } catch (Throwable $e) {
+                if ($e instanceof SkippedTest
+                    || $e instanceof IncompleteTest
+                    || $this->__isExpectedException($e)) {
+                    throw $e;
+                }
+
+                $lastException = $e;
+
+                if ($attempt < $method->flakyTries) {
+                    if ($this->__snapshotChanges !== []) {
+                        throw $e;
+                    }
+
+                    $this->tearDown();
+
+                    Closure::bind(fn (): array => $this->mockObjects = [], $this, TestCase::class)();
+
+                    foreach (array_keys(array_diff_key(get_object_vars($this), $initialProperties)) as $property) {
+                        unset($this->{$property});
+                    }
+
+                    $hasOutputExpectation = Closure::bind(fn (): bool => is_string($this->outputExpectedString) || is_string($this->outputExpectedRegex), $this, TestCase::class)();
+
+                    if ($hasOutputExpectation) {
+                        ob_clean();
+                    }
+
+                    $this->setUp();
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        throw $lastException;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Determines if the given exception matches PHPUnit's expected exception.
+     */
+    private function __isExpectedException(Throwable $e): bool
+    {
+        $read = fn (string $property): mixed => Closure::bind(fn () => $this->{$property}, $this, TestCase::class)();
+
+        $expectedClass = $read('expectedException');
+
+        if ($expectedClass !== null) {
+            return $e instanceof $expectedClass;
+        }
+
+        $expectedMessage = $read('expectedExceptionMessage');
+
+        if ($expectedMessage !== null) {
+            return str_contains($e->getMessage(), (string) $expectedMessage);
+        }
+
+        $expectedCode = $read('expectedExceptionCode');
+
+        if ($expectedCode !== null) {
+            return $e->getCode() === $expectedCode;
+        }
+
+        return false;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Resolve the passed arguments. Any Closures will be bound to the testcase and resolved.
      *
@@ -340,7 +425,8 @@ trait Testable
         }
 
         $underlyingTest = Reflection::getFunctionVariable($this->__test, 'closure');
-        $testParameterTypes = array_values(Reflection::getFunctionArguments($underlyingTest));
+        $testParameterTypesByName = Reflection::getFunctionArguments($underlyingTest);
+        $testParameterTypes = array_values($testParameterTypesByName);
 
         if (count($arguments) !== 1) {
             foreach ($arguments as $argumentIndex => $argumentValue) {
@@ -348,7 +434,11 @@ trait Testable
                     continue;
                 }
 
-                if (in_array($testParameterTypes[$argumentIndex], [Closure::class, 'callable', 'mixed'])) {
+                $parameterType = is_string($argumentIndex)
+                    ? $testParameterTypesByName[$argumentIndex]
+                    : $testParameterTypes[$argumentIndex];
+
+                if (in_array($parameterType, [Closure::class, 'callable', 'mixed'])) {
                     continue;
                 }
 
@@ -374,7 +464,7 @@ trait Testable
             return [$boundDatasetResult];
         }
 
-        return array_values($boundDatasetResult);
+        return $boundDatasetResult;
     }
 
     /**
@@ -434,15 +524,7 @@ trait Testable
             return;
         }
 
-        if (count($this->__snapshotChanges) === 1) {
-            $this->markTestIncomplete($this->__snapshotChanges[0]);
-
-            return;
-        }
-
-        $messages = implode(PHP_EOL, array_map(static fn (string $message): string => '- $message', $this->__snapshotChanges));
-
-        $this->markTestIncomplete($messages);
+        $this->markTestIncomplete(implode('. ', $this->__snapshotChanges));
     }
 
     /**
@@ -466,7 +548,7 @@ trait Testable
      */
     public static function getLatestPrintableTestCaseMethodName(): string
     {
-        return self::$__latestDescription;
+        return self::$__latestDescription ?? '';
     }
 
     /**
@@ -481,4 +563,12 @@ trait Testable
             'notes' => self::$__latestNotes,
         ];
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Opens a shell for the test case.
+     */
+    public function shell(): void
+    {
+        Shell::open();
+    }
 }

src/Configuration.php

@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Pest;
 
+use Pest\PendingCalls\BeforeEachCall;
 use Pest\PendingCalls\UsesCall;
 
 /**
@@ -62,6 +63,14 @@ final readonly class Configuration
         return (new UsesCall($this->filename, []))->group(...$groups);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Marks all tests in the current file to be run exclusively.
+     */
+    public function only(): void
+    {
+        (new BeforeEachCall(TestSuite::getInstance(), $this->filename))->only();
+    }
+
     /**
      * Depending on where is called, it will extend the given classes and traits globally or locally.
      */
@@ -102,6 +111,14 @@ final readonly class Configuration
         return Configuration\Project::getInstance();
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Gets the browser configuration.
+     */
+    public function browser(): Browser\Configuration
+    {
+        return new Browser\Configuration;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Proxies calls to the uses method.
      *

src/Console/Help.php

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ final readonly class Help
      *
      * @var array<int, string>
      */
-    private const HELP_MESSAGES = [
+    private const array HELP_MESSAGES = [
         '<comment>Pest Options:</comment>',
         '  <info>--init</info>                      Initialise a standard Pest configuration',
         '  <info>--coverage</info>                  Enable coverage and output to standard output',

src/Console/Thanks.php

@@ -22,11 +22,11 @@ final readonly class Thanks
      *
      * @var array<string, string>
      */
-    private const FUNDING_MESSAGES = [
+    private const array FUNDING_MESSAGES = [
         'Star' => 'https://github.com/pestphp/pest',
         'YouTube' => 'https://youtube.com/@nunomaduro',
-        'TikTok' => 'https://tiktok.com/@nunomaduro',
-        'Twitch' => 'https://twitch.tv/enunomaduro',
+        'TikTok' => 'https://tiktok.com/@enunomaduro',
+        'Twitch' => 'https://twitch.tv/nunomaduro',
         'LinkedIn' => 'https://linkedin.com/in/nunomaduro',
         'Instagram' => 'https://instagram.com/enunomaduro',
         'X' => 'https://x.com/enunomaduro',

src/Exceptions/DatasetMissing.php

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ final class DatasetMissing extends BadFunctionCallException implements Exception
     public function __construct(string $file, string $name, array $arguments)
     {
         parent::__construct(sprintf(
-            "A test with the description '%s' has %d argument(s) ([%s]) and no dataset(s) provided in %s",
+            'A test with the description [%s] has [%d] argument(s) ([%s]) and no dataset(s) provided in [%s]',
             $name,
             count($arguments),
             implode(', ', array_map(static fn (string $arg, string $type): string => sprintf('%s $%s', $type, $arg), array_keys($arguments), $arguments)),

src/Exceptions/ShouldNotHappen.php

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ final class ShouldNotHappen extends RuntimeException
         $message = $exception->getMessage();
 
         parent::__construct(sprintf(<<<'EOF'
-This should not happen - please create an new issue here: https://github.com/pestphp/pest.
+This should not happen - please create an new issue here: https://github.com/pestphp/pest/issues
 
   Issue: %s
   PHP version: %s

src/Exceptions/TestCaseAlreadyInUse.php

@@ -19,7 +19,11 @@ final class TestCaseAlreadyInUse extends InvalidArgumentException implements Exc
      */
     public function __construct(string $inUse, string $newOne, string $folder)
     {
-        parent::__construct(sprintf('Test case `%s` can not be used. The folder `%s` already uses the test case `%s`',
-            $newOne, $folder, $inUse));
+        parent::__construct(sprintf(
+            'Test case [%s] can not be used. The folder [%s] already uses the test case [%s].',
+            $newOne,
+            $folder,
+            $inUse,
+        ));
     }
 }

src/Exceptions/TestClosureMustNotBeStatic.php

@@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ final class TestClosureMustNotBeStatic extends InvalidArgumentException implemen
     {
         parent::__construct(
             sprintf(
-                'Test closure must not be static. Please remove the `static` keyword from the `%s` method in `%s`.',
+                'Test closure must not be static. Please remove the [static] keyword from the [%s] method in [%s].',
                 $method->description,
                 $method->filename
             )

src/Expectation.php

@@ -18,6 +18,7 @@ use Pest\Arch\Expectations\ToOnlyUse;
 use Pest\Arch\Expectations\ToUse;
 use Pest\Arch\Expectations\ToUseNothing;
 use Pest\Arch\PendingArchExpectation;
+use Pest\Arch\Support\Composer;
 use Pest\Arch\Support\FileLineFinder;
 use Pest\Concerns\Extendable;
 use Pest\Concerns\Pipeable;
@@ -52,7 +53,9 @@ use ReflectionProperty;
  */
 final class Expectation
 {
+    /** @use Extendable<self<TValue>> */
     use Extendable;
+
     use Pipeable;
     use Retrievable;
 
@@ -134,7 +137,7 @@ final class Expectation
     /**
      * Dump the expectation value when the result of the condition is truthy.
      *
-     * @param  (\Closure(TValue): bool)|bool  $condition
+     * @param  (Closure(TValue): bool)|bool  $condition
      * @return self<TValue>
      */
     public function ddWhen(Closure|bool $condition, mixed ...$arguments): Expectation
@@ -151,7 +154,7 @@ final class Expectation
     /**
      * Dump the expectation value when the result of the condition is falsy.
      *
-     * @param  (\Closure(TValue): bool)|bool  $condition
+     * @param  (Closure(TValue): bool)|bool  $condition
      * @return self<TValue>
      */
     public function ddUnless(Closure|bool $condition, mixed ...$arguments): Expectation
@@ -330,7 +333,7 @@ final class Expectation
      * @param  array<int, mixed>  $parameters
      * @return Expectation<TValue>|HigherOrderExpectation<Expectation<TValue>, TValue>
      */
-    public function __call(string $method, array $parameters): Expectation|HigherOrderExpectation|PendingArchExpectation
+    public function __call(string $method, array $parameters): Expectation|HigherOrderExpectation|PendingArchExpectation|ArchExpectation
     {
         if (! self::hasMethod($method)) {
             if (! is_object($this->value) && method_exists(PendingArchExpectation::class, $method)) {
@@ -355,6 +358,10 @@ final class Expectation
         $reflectionClosure = new \ReflectionFunction($closure);
         $expectation = $reflectionClosure->getClosureThis();
 
+        if ($reflectionClosure->getReturnType()?->__toString() === ArchExpectation::class) {
+            return $closure(...$parameters);
+        }
+
         assert(is_object($expectation));
 
         ExpectationPipeline::for($closure)
@@ -393,7 +400,7 @@ final class Expectation
      *
      * @return Expectation<TValue>|OppositeExpectation<TValue>|EachExpectation<TValue>|HigherOrderExpectation<Expectation<TValue>, TValue|null>|TValue
      */
-    public function __get(string $name)
+    public function __get(string $name): mixed
     {
         if (! self::hasMethod($name)) {
             if (! is_object($this->value) && method_exists(PendingArchExpectation::class, $name)) {
@@ -663,6 +670,41 @@ final class Expectation
         throw InvalidExpectation::fromMethods(['toHavePrivateMethods']);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Asserts that the given expectation target is cased correctly.
+     */
+    public function toBeCasedCorrectly(): ArchExpectation
+    {
+        return Targeted::make(
+            $this,
+            function (ObjectDescription $object): bool {
+                if (! isset($object->reflectionClass)) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                $realPath = realpath($object->path);
+
+                if ($realPath === false) {
+                    return false;
+                }
+
+                foreach (Composer::allNamespacesWithDirectories() as $directory => $namespace) {
+                    if (str_starts_with($realPath, $directory)) {
+                        $relativePath = substr($realPath, strlen($directory) + 1);
+                        $relativePath = explode('.', $relativePath)[0];
+                        $classFromPath = $namespace.'\\'.str_replace(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, '\\', $relativePath);
+
+                        return $classFromPath === $object->reflectionClass->getName();
+                    }
+                }
+
+                return false;
+            },
+            'to be cased correctly',
+            FileLineFinder::where(fn (string $line): bool => str_contains($line, 'class')),
+        );
+    }
+
     /**
      * Asserts that the given expectation target is enum.
      */
@@ -777,7 +819,22 @@ final class Expectation
                         return false;
                     }
 
-                    if (! in_array($trait, $object->reflectionClass->getTraitNames(), true)) {
+                    $currentClass = $object->reflectionClass;
+                    $usedTraits = [];
+
+                    do {
+                        $classTraits = $currentClass->getTraits();
+                        foreach ($classTraits as $traitReflection) {
+                            $usedTraits[$traitReflection->getName()] = $traitReflection->getName();
+
+                            $nestedTraits = $traitReflection->getTraits();
+                            foreach ($nestedTraits as $nestedTrait) {
+                                $usedTraits[$nestedTrait->getName()] = $nestedTrait->getName();
+                            }
+                        }
+                    } while ($currentClass = $currentClass->getParentClass());
+
+                    if (! array_key_exists($trait, $usedTraits)) {
                         return false;
                     }
                 }
@@ -890,6 +947,14 @@ final class Expectation
         return ToUseNothing::make($this);
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Asserts that the source code of the given expectation target does not include suspicious characters.
+     */
+    public function toHaveSuspiciousCharacters(): ArchExpectation
+    {
+        throw InvalidExpectation::fromMethods(['toHaveSuspiciousCharacters']);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Not supported.
      */

src/Expectations/OppositeExpectation.php

@@ -15,6 +15,7 @@ use Pest\Arch\PendingArchExpectation;
 use Pest\Arch\SingleArchExpectation;
 use Pest\Arch\Support\FileLineFinder;
 use Pest\Exceptions\InvalidExpectation;
+use Pest\Exceptions\MissingDependency;
 use Pest\Expectation;
 use Pest\Support\Arr;
 use Pest\Support\Exporter;
@@ -24,6 +25,7 @@ use PHPUnit\Framework\AssertionFailedError;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\ExpectationFailedException;
 use ReflectionMethod;
 use ReflectionProperty;
+use Spoofchecker;
 use stdClass;
 
 /**
@@ -278,6 +280,28 @@ final readonly class OppositeExpectation
         );
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Asserts that the given expectation target does not have suspicious characters.
+     */
+    public function toHaveSuspiciousCharacters(): ArchExpectation
+    {
+        if (! class_exists(Spoofchecker::class)) {
+            throw new MissingDependency(__FUNCTION__, 'ext-intl >= 2.0');
+        }
+
+        $checker = new Spoofchecker;
+
+        /** @var Expectation<array<int, string>|string> $original */
+        $original = $this->original;
+
+        return Targeted::make(
+            $original,
+            fn (ObjectDescription $object): bool => ! $checker->isSuspicious((string) file_get_contents($object->path)),
+            'to not include suspicious characters',
+            FileLineFinder::where(fn (string $line): bool => $checker->isSuspicious($line)),
+        );
+    }
+
     /**
      * Asserts that the given expectation target does not have the given methods.
      *

src/Factories/Covers/CoversNothing.php

@@ -1,10 +0,0 @@
-<?php
-
-declare(strict_types=1);
-
-namespace Pest\Factories\Covers;
-
-/**
- * @internal
- */
-final class CoversNothing {}

src/Factories/TestCaseFactory.php

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use Pest\Factories\Concerns\HigherOrderable;
 use Pest\Support\Reflection;
 use Pest\Support\Str;
 use Pest\TestSuite;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\TestDox;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 use RuntimeException;
 
@@ -58,6 +59,11 @@ final class TestCaseFactory
         Concerns\Expectable::class,
     ];
 
+    /**
+     * The namespace for the test case, overrides the path-based namespace when set.
+     */
+    public ?string $namespace = null;
+
     /**
      * Creates a new Factory instance.
      */
@@ -110,8 +116,8 @@ final class TestCaseFactory
         $relativePath = (string) preg_replace('|%[a-fA-F0-9][a-fA-F0-9]|', '', $relativePath);
         // Remove escaped quote sequences (maintain namespace)
         $relativePath = str_replace(array_map(fn (string $quote): string => sprintf('\\%s', $quote), ['\'', '"']), '', $relativePath);
-        // Limit to A-Z, a-z, 0-9, '_', '-'.
-        $relativePath = (string) preg_replace('/[^A-Za-z0-9\\\\]/', '', $relativePath);
+        // Limit to Unicode letters and numbers.
+        $relativePath = (string) preg_replace('/[^\p{L}\p{N}\\\\]/u', '', $relativePath);
 
         $classFQN = 'P\\'.$relativePath;
 
@@ -126,7 +132,7 @@ final class TestCaseFactory
 
         $partsFQN = explode('\\', $classFQN);
         $className = array_pop($partsFQN);
-        $namespace = implode('\\', $partsFQN);
+        $namespace = $this->namespace ?? implode('\\', $partsFQN);
         $baseClass = sprintf('\%s', $this->class);
 
         if (trim($className) === '') {
@@ -135,7 +141,7 @@ final class TestCaseFactory
 
         $this->attributes = [
             new Attribute(
-                \PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\TestDox::class,
+                TestDox::class,
                 [$this->filename],
             ),
             ...$this->attributes,

src/Factories/TestCaseMethodFactory.php

@@ -9,10 +9,14 @@ use Pest\Evaluators\Attributes;
 use Pest\Exceptions\ShouldNotHappen;
 use Pest\Factories\Concerns\HigherOrderable;
 use Pest\Repositories\DatasetsRepository;
+use Pest\Support\Description;
 use Pest\Support\Str;
 use Pest\TestSuite;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Assert;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\DataProvider;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Depends;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\TestDox;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 
 /**
@@ -32,7 +36,7 @@ final class TestCaseMethodFactory
     /**
      * The test's describing, if any.
      *
-     * @var array<int, string>
+     * @var array<int, Description>
      */
     public array $describing = [];
 
@@ -46,6 +50,11 @@ final class TestCaseMethodFactory
      */
     public int $repetitions = 1;
 
+    /**
+     * The test's number of flaky retry tries.
+     */
+    public ?int $flakyTries = null;
+
     /**
      * Determines if the test is a "todo".
      */
@@ -192,11 +201,11 @@ final class TestCaseMethodFactory
 
         $this->attributes = [
             new Attribute(
-                \PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Test::class,
+                Test::class,
                 [],
             ),
             new Attribute(
-                \PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\TestDox::class,
+                TestDox::class,
                 [str_replace('*/', '{@*}', $this->description)],
             ),
             ...$this->attributes,
@@ -206,7 +215,7 @@ final class TestCaseMethodFactory
             $depend = Str::evaluable($this->describing === [] ? $depend : Str::describe($this->describing, $depend));
 
             $this->attributes[] = new Attribute(
-                \PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Depends::class,
+                Depends::class,
                 [$depend],
             );
         }

src/Functions.php

@@ -2,11 +2,13 @@
 
 declare(strict_types=1);
 
-use Pest\Concerns\Expectable;
+use Pest\Browser\Api\ArrayablePendingAwaitablePage;
+use Pest\Browser\Api\PendingAwaitablePage;
 use Pest\Configuration;
 use Pest\Exceptions\AfterAllWithinDescribe;
 use Pest\Exceptions\BeforeAllWithinDescribe;
 use Pest\Expectation;
+use Pest\Installers\PluginBrowser;
 use Pest\Mutate\Contracts\MutationTestRunner;
 use Pest\Mutate\Repositories\ConfigurationRepository;
 use Pest\PendingCalls\AfterEachCall;
@@ -18,6 +20,7 @@ use Pest\Repositories\DatasetsRepository;
 use Pest\Support\Backtrace;
 use Pest\Support\Container;
 use Pest\Support\DatasetInfo;
+use Pest\Support\Description;
 use Pest\Support\HigherOrderTapProxy;
 use Pest\TestSuite;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
@@ -44,7 +47,7 @@ if (! function_exists('beforeAll')) {
     function beforeAll(Closure $closure): void
     {
         if (DescribeCall::describing() !== []) {
-            $filename = Backtrace::file();
+            $filename = Backtrace::testFile();
 
             throw new BeforeAllWithinDescribe($filename);
         }
@@ -57,13 +60,11 @@ if (! function_exists('beforeEach')) {
     /**
      * Runs the given closure before each test in the current file.
      *
-     * @param-closure-this TestCase  $closure
-     *
-     * @return HigherOrderTapProxy<Expectable|TestCall|TestCase>|Expectable|TestCall|TestCase|mixed
+     * @param-closure-this TestCall  $closure
      */
     function beforeEach(?Closure $closure = null): BeforeEachCall
     {
-        $filename = Backtrace::file();
+        $filename = Backtrace::testFile();
 
         return new BeforeEachCall(TestSuite::getInstance(), $filename, $closure);
     }
@@ -88,14 +89,12 @@ if (! function_exists('describe')) {
      * Adds the given closure as a group of tests. The first argument
      * is the group description; the second argument is a closure
      * that contains the group tests.
-     *
-     * @return HigherOrderTapProxy<Expectable|TestCall|TestCase>|Expectable|TestCall|TestCase|mixed
      */
     function describe(string $description, Closure $tests): DescribeCall
     {
         $filename = Backtrace::testFile();
 
-        return new DescribeCall(TestSuite::getInstance(), $filename, $description, $tests);
+        return new DescribeCall(TestSuite::getInstance(), $filename, new Description($description), $tests);
     }
 }
 
@@ -108,7 +107,7 @@ if (! function_exists('uses')) {
      */
     function uses(string ...$classAndTraits): UsesCall
     {
-        $filename = Backtrace::file();
+        $filename = Backtrace::testFile();
 
         return new UsesCall($filename, array_values($classAndTraits));
     }
@@ -120,7 +119,7 @@ if (! function_exists('pest')) {
      */
     function pest(): Configuration
     {
-        return new Configuration(Backtrace::file());
+        return new Configuration(Backtrace::testFile());
     }
 }
 
@@ -130,13 +129,13 @@ if (! function_exists('test')) {
      * is the test description; the second argument is
      * a closure that contains the test expectations.
      *
-     * @param-closure-this TestCase  $closure
+     * @param-closure-this TestCall  $closure
      *
-     * @return Expectable|TestCall|TestCase|mixed
+     * @return ($description is string ? TestCall : HigherOrderTapProxy|TestCall)
      */
     function test(?string $description = null, ?Closure $closure = null): HigherOrderTapProxy|TestCall
     {
-        if ($description === null && TestSuite::getInstance()->test instanceof \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase) {
+        if ($description === null && TestSuite::getInstance()->test instanceof TestCase) {
             return new HigherOrderTapProxy(TestSuite::getInstance()->test);
         }
 
@@ -152,34 +151,23 @@ if (! function_exists('it')) {
      * is the test description; the second argument is
      * a closure that contains the test expectations.
      *
-     * @param-closure-this TestCase  $closure
-     *
-     * @return Expectable|TestCall|TestCase|mixed
+     * @param-closure-this TestCall  $closure
      */
     function it(string $description, ?Closure $closure = null): TestCall
     {
         $description = sprintf('it %s', $description);
 
-        /** @var TestCall $test */
-        $test = test($description, $closure);
-
-        return $test;
+        return test($description, $closure);
     }
 }
 
 if (! function_exists('todo')) {
     /**
      * Creates a new test that is marked as "todo".
-     *
-     * @return Expectable|TestCall|TestCase|mixed
      */
     function todo(string $description): TestCall
     {
-        $test = test($description);
-
-        assert($test instanceof TestCall);
-
-        return $test->todo();
+        return test($description)->todo();
     }
 }
 
@@ -187,13 +175,11 @@ if (! function_exists('afterEach')) {
     /**
      * Runs the given closure after each test in the current file.
      *
-     * @param-closure-this TestCase  $closure
-     *
-     * @return Expectable|HigherOrderTapProxy<Expectable|TestCall|TestCase>|TestCall|mixed
+     * @param-closure-this TestCall  $closure
      */
     function afterEach(?Closure $closure = null): AfterEachCall
     {
-        $filename = Backtrace::file();
+        $filename = Backtrace::testFile();
 
         return new AfterEachCall(TestSuite::getInstance(), $filename, $closure);
     }
@@ -206,7 +192,7 @@ if (! function_exists('afterAll')) {
     function afterAll(Closure $closure): void
     {
         if (DescribeCall::describing() !== []) {
-            $filename = Backtrace::file();
+            $filename = Backtrace::testFile();
 
             throw new AfterAllWithinDescribe($filename);
         }
@@ -223,7 +209,7 @@ if (! function_exists('covers')) {
      */
     function covers(array|string ...$classesOrFunctions): void
     {
-        $filename = Backtrace::file();
+        $filename = Backtrace::testFile();
 
         $beforeEachCall = (new BeforeEachCall(TestSuite::getInstance(), $filename));
 
@@ -232,7 +218,7 @@ if (! function_exists('covers')) {
 
         /** @var MutationTestRunner $runner */
         $runner = Container::getInstance()->get(MutationTestRunner::class);
-        /** @var \Pest\Mutate\Repositories\ConfigurationRepository $configurationRepository */
+        /** @var ConfigurationRepository $configurationRepository */
         $configurationRepository = Container::getInstance()->get(ConfigurationRepository::class);
         $everything = $configurationRepository->cliConfiguration->toArray()['everything'] ?? false;
         $classes = $configurationRepository->cliConfiguration->toArray()['classes'] ?? false;
@@ -252,14 +238,14 @@ if (! function_exists('mutates')) {
      */
     function mutates(array|string ...$targets): void
     {
-        $filename = Backtrace::file();
+        $filename = Backtrace::testFile();
 
         $beforeEachCall = (new BeforeEachCall(TestSuite::getInstance(), $filename));
         $beforeEachCall->group('__pest_mutate_only');
 
         /** @var MutationTestRunner $runner */
         $runner = Container::getInstance()->get(MutationTestRunner::class);
-        /** @var \Pest\Mutate\Repositories\ConfigurationRepository $configurationRepository */
+        /** @var ConfigurationRepository $configurationRepository */
         $configurationRepository = Container::getInstance()->get(ConfigurationRepository::class);
         $everything = $configurationRepository->cliConfiguration->toArray()['everything'] ?? false;
         $classes = $configurationRepository->cliConfiguration->toArray()['classes'] ?? false;
@@ -278,3 +264,51 @@ if (! function_exists('mutates')) {
         }
     }
 }
+
+if (! function_exists('fixture')) {
+    /**
+     * Returns the absolute path to a fixture file.
+     */
+    function fixture(string $file): string
+    {
+        $file = implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, [
+            TestSuite::getInstance()->rootPath,
+            TestSuite::getInstance()->testPath,
+            'Fixtures',
+            str_replace(['/', '\\'], DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $file),
+        ]);
+
+        $fileRealPath = realpath($file);
+
+        if ($fileRealPath === false) {
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException(
+                'The fixture file ['.$file.'] does not exist.',
+            );
+        }
+
+        return $fileRealPath;
+    }
+}
+
+if (! function_exists('visit')) {
+    /**
+     * Browse to the given URL.
+     *
+     * @template TUrl of array<int, string>|string
+     *
+     * @param  TUrl  $url
+     * @param  array<string, mixed>  $options
+     * @return (TUrl is array<int, string> ? ArrayablePendingAwaitablePage : PendingAwaitablePage)
+     */
+    function visit(array|string $url, array $options = []): ArrayablePendingAwaitablePage|PendingAwaitablePage
+    {
+        if (! class_exists(Pest\Browser\Configuration::class)) {
+            PluginBrowser::install();
+
+            exit(0);
+        }
+
+        // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
+        return test()->visit($url, $options);
+    }
+}

src/Installers/PluginBrowser.php

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Pest\Installers;
+
+use Pest\Support\View;
+
+final readonly class PluginBrowser
+{
+    public static function install(): void
+    {
+        View::render('installers/plugin-browser');
+    }
+}

src/Kernel.php

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ final readonly class Kernel
      *
      * @var array<int, class-string>
      */
-    private const BOOTSTRAPPERS = [
+    private const array BOOTSTRAPPERS = [
         Bootstrappers\BootOverrides::class,
         Bootstrappers\BootSubscribers::class,
         Bootstrappers\BootFiles::class,
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ final readonly class Kernel
             $output,
         );
 
-        register_shutdown_function(fn () => $kernel->shutdown());
+        register_shutdown_function($kernel->shutdown(...));
 
         foreach (self::BOOTSTRAPPERS as $bootstrapper) {
             $bootstrapper = Container::getInstance()->get($bootstrapper);

src/Logging/Converter.php

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ final readonly class Converter
     /**
      * The prefix for the test suite name.
      */
-    private const PREFIX = 'P\\';
+    private const string PREFIX = 'P\\';
 
     /**
      *  The state generator.
@@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ final readonly class Converter
 
         // clean the paths of each frame.
         $frames = array_map(
-            fn (string $frame): string => $this->toRelativePath($frame),
+            $this->toRelativePath(...),
             $frames
         );
 
@@ -151,7 +151,7 @@ final readonly class Converter
     {
         if ($testSuite instanceof TestSuiteForTestMethodWithDataProvider) {
             $firstTest = $this->getFirstTest($testSuite);
-            if ($firstTest instanceof \PHPUnit\Event\Code\TestMethod) {
+            if ($firstTest instanceof TestMethod) {
                 return $this->getTestMethodNameWithoutDatasetSuffix($firstTest);
             }
         }
@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ final readonly class Converter
     public function getTestSuiteLocation(TestSuite $testSuite): ?string
     {
         $firstTest = $this->getFirstTest($testSuite);
-        if (! $firstTest instanceof \PHPUnit\Event\Code\TestMethod) {
+        if (! $firstTest instanceof TestMethod) {
             return null;
         }
         $path = $firstTest->testDox()->prettifiedClassName();

src/Logging/TeamCity/TeamCityLogger.php

@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ final class TeamCityLogger
 
     public function testFinished(Finished $event): void
     {
-        if (! $this->time instanceof \PHPUnit\Event\Telemetry\HRTime) {
+        if (! $this->time instanceof HRTime) {
             throw ShouldNotHappen::fromMessage('Start time has not been set.');
         }
 
@@ -232,7 +232,6 @@ final class TeamCityLogger
             $reflector = new ReflectionClass($telemetry);
 
             $property = $reflector->getProperty('current');
-            $property->setAccessible(true);
             $snapshot = $property->getValue($telemetry);
             assert($snapshot instanceof Snapshot);
 

src/Mixins/Expectation.php

@@ -9,10 +9,12 @@ use Closure;
 use Countable;
 use DateTimeInterface;
 use Error;
+use Illuminate\Testing\TestResponse;
 use InvalidArgumentException;
 use JsonSerializable;
 use Pest\Exceptions\InvalidExpectationValue;
 use Pest\Matchers\Any;
+use Pest\Plugins\Snapshot;
 use Pest\Support\Arr;
 use Pest\Support\Exporter;
 use Pest\Support\NullClosure;
@@ -781,15 +783,13 @@ final class Expectation
         foreach ($array as $key => $value) {
             Assert::assertArrayHasKey($key, $valueAsArray, $message);
 
-            if ($message === '') {
-                $message = sprintf(
+            $assertMessage = $message !== '' ? $message : sprintf(
                 'Failed asserting that an array has a key %s with the value %s.',
                 $this->export($key),
                 $this->export($valueAsArray[$key]),
             );
-            }
 
-            Assert::assertEquals($value, $valueAsArray[$key], $message);
+            Assert::assertEquals($value, $valueAsArray[$key], $assertMessage);
         }
 
         return $this;
@@ -802,7 +802,7 @@ final class Expectation
      * @param  iterable<string, mixed>  $object
      * @return self<TValue>
      */
-    public function toMatchObject(iterable $object, string $message = ''): self
+    public function toMatchObject(object|iterable $object, string $message = ''): self
     {
         foreach ((array) $object as $property => $value) {
             if (! is_object($this->value) && ! is_string($this->value)) {
@@ -814,15 +814,13 @@ final class Expectation
             /* @phpstan-ignore-next-line */
             $propertyValue = $this->value->{$property};
 
-            if ($message === '') {
-                $message = sprintf(
+            $assertMessage = $message !== '' ? $message : sprintf(
                 'Failed asserting that an object has a property %s with the value %s.',
                 $this->export($property),
                 $this->export($propertyValue),
             );
-            }
 
-            Assert::assertEquals($value, $propertyValue, $message);
+            Assert::assertEquals($value, $propertyValue, $assertMessage);
         }
 
         return $this;
@@ -846,7 +844,7 @@ final class Expectation
             is_object($this->value) && method_exists($this->value, 'toSnapshot') => $this->value->toSnapshot(),
             is_object($this->value) && method_exists($this->value, '__toString') => $this->value->__toString(),
             is_object($this->value) && method_exists($this->value, 'toString') => $this->value->toString(),
-            $this->value instanceof \Illuminate\Testing\TestResponse => $this->value->getContent(), // @phpstan-ignore-line
+            $this->value instanceof TestResponse => $this->value->getContent(), // @phpstan-ignore-line
             is_array($this->value) => json_encode($this->value, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR | JSON_PRETTY_PRINT),
             $this->value instanceof Traversable => json_encode(iterator_to_array($this->value), JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR | JSON_PRETTY_PRINT),
             $this->value instanceof JsonSerializable => json_encode($this->value->jsonSerialize(), JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR | JSON_PRETTY_PRINT),
@@ -854,18 +852,31 @@ final class Expectation
             default => InvalidExpectationValue::expected('array|object|string'),
         };
 
-        if ($snapshots->has()) {
-            [$filename, $content] = $snapshots->get();
-
-            Assert::assertSame(
-                strtr($content, ["\r\n" => "\n", "\r" => "\n"]),
-                strtr($string, ["\r\n" => "\n", "\r" => "\n"]),
-                $message === '' ? "Failed asserting that the string value matches its snapshot ($filename)." : $message
-            );
-        } else {
+        if (! $snapshots->has()) {
             $filename = $snapshots->save($string);
 
             TestSuite::getInstance()->registerSnapshotChange("Snapshot created at [$filename]");
+        } else {
+            [$filename, $content] = $snapshots->get();
+
+            $normalizedContent = strtr($content, ["\r\n" => "\n", "\r" => "\n"]);
+            $normalizedString = strtr($string, ["\r\n" => "\n", "\r" => "\n"]);
+
+            if (Snapshot::$updateSnapshots && $normalizedContent !== $normalizedString) {
+                $snapshots->save($string);
+
+                TestSuite::getInstance()->registerSnapshotChange("Snapshot updated at [$filename]");
+            } else {
+                if (Snapshot::$updateSnapshots) {
+                    TestSuite::getInstance()->registerSnapshotChange("Snapshot unchanged at [$filename]");
+                }
+
+                Assert::assertSame(
+                    $normalizedContent,
+                    $normalizedString,
+                    $message === '' ? "Failed asserting that the string value matches its snapshot ($filename)." : $message
+                );
+            }
         }
 
         return $this;
@@ -987,7 +998,7 @@ final class Expectation
      */
     private function export(mixed $value): string
     {
-        if (! $this->exporter instanceof \Pest\Support\Exporter) {
+        if (! $this->exporter instanceof Exporter) {
             $this->exporter = Exporter::default();
         }
 
@@ -1158,4 +1169,21 @@ final class Expectation
 
         return $this;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Asserts that the value can be converted to a slug
+     *
+     * @return self<TValue>
+     */
+    public function toBeSlug(string $message = ''): self
+    {
+        if ($message === '') {
+            $message = "Failed asserting that {$this->value} can be converted to a slug.";
+        }
+
+        $slug = Str::slugify((string) $this->value);
+        Assert::assertNotEmpty($slug, $message);
+
+        return $this;
+    }
 }

src/PHPStan/HigherOrderExpectationTypeExtension.php

@@ -0,0 +1,57 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Pest\PHPStan;
+
+use Pest\Expectations\HigherOrderExpectation;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr;
+use PhpParser\Node\Expr\PropertyFetch;
+use PhpParser\Node\Identifier;
+use PHPStan\Analyser\Scope;
+use PHPStan\Reflection\ReflectionProvider;
+use PHPStan\Type\ExpressionTypeResolverExtension;
+use PHPStan\Type\ObjectType;
+use PHPStan\Type\Type;
+
+/**
+ * Prevents native declared properties of HigherOrderExpectation (like $original,
+ * $expectation, $opposite, $shouldReset) from being incorrectly resolved as
+ * higher-order value property accesses by downstream ExpressionTypeResolverExtensions.
+ *
+ * This extension must be registered BEFORE the peststan HigherOrderExpectationTypeExtension.
+ *
+ * @internal
+ */
+final readonly class HigherOrderExpectationTypeExtension implements ExpressionTypeResolverExtension
+{
+    public function __construct(
+        private ReflectionProvider $reflectionProvider,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function getType(Expr $expr, Scope $scope): ?Type
+    {
+        if (! $expr instanceof PropertyFetch || ! $expr->name instanceof Identifier) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $varType = $scope->getType($expr->var);
+
+        if (! (new ObjectType(HigherOrderExpectation::class))->isSuperTypeOf($varType)->yes()) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        if (! $this->reflectionProvider->hasClass(HigherOrderExpectation::class)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $propertyName = $expr->name->name;
+        $classReflection = $this->reflectionProvider->getClass(HigherOrderExpectation::class);
+
+        if (! $classReflection->hasNativeProperty($propertyName)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return $varType->getProperty($propertyName, $scope)->getReadableType();
+    }
+}

src/PendingCalls/Concerns/Describable.php

@@ -4,6 +4,8 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Pest\PendingCalls\Concerns;
 
+use Pest\Support\Description;
+
 /**
  * @internal
  */
@@ -12,14 +14,14 @@ trait Describable
     /**
      * Note: this is property is not used; however, it gets added automatically by rector php.
      *
-     * @var array<int, string>
+     * @var array<int, Description>
      */
     public array $__describing;
 
     /**
      * The describing of the test case.
      *
-     * @var array<int, string>
+     * @var array<int, Description>
      */
     public array $describing = [];
 }

src/PendingCalls/DescribeCall.php

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace Pest\PendingCalls;
 
 use Closure;
-use Pest\Support\Backtrace;
+use Pest\Support\Description;
 use Pest\TestSuite;
 
 /**
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ final class DescribeCall
     /**
      * The current describe call.
      *
-     * @var array<int, string>
+     * @var array<int, Description>
      */
     private static array $describing = [];
 
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ final class DescribeCall
     public function __construct(
         public readonly TestSuite $testSuite,
         public readonly string $filename,
-        public readonly string $description,
+        public readonly Description $description,
         public readonly Closure $tests
     ) {
         //
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ final class DescribeCall
     /**
      * What is the current describing.
      *
-     * @return array<int, string>
+     * @return array<int, Description>
      */
     public static function describing(): array
     {
@@ -52,7 +52,11 @@ final class DescribeCall
      */
     public function __destruct()
     {
-        unset($this->currentBeforeEachCall);
+        // Ensure BeforeEachCall destructs before creating tests
+        // by moving to local scope and clearing the reference
+        $beforeEach = $this->currentBeforeEachCall;
+        $this->currentBeforeEachCall = null;
+        unset($beforeEach);  // Trigger destructor immediately
 
         self::$describing[] = $this->description;
 
@@ -70,12 +74,13 @@ final class DescribeCall
      */
     public function __call(string $name, array $arguments): self
     {
-        $filename = Backtrace::file();
+        if (! $this->currentBeforeEachCall instanceof BeforeEachCall) {
+            $this->currentBeforeEachCall = new BeforeEachCall(TestSuite::getInstance(), $this->filename);
 
-        if (! $this->currentBeforeEachCall instanceof \Pest\PendingCalls\BeforeEachCall) {
-            $this->currentBeforeEachCall = new BeforeEachCall(TestSuite::getInstance(), $filename);
-
-            $this->currentBeforeEachCall->describing[] = $this->description;
+            $this->currentBeforeEachCall->describing = array_merge(
+                DescribeCall::describing(),
+                [$this->description]
+            );
         }
 
         $this->currentBeforeEachCall->{$name}(...$arguments);

src/PendingCalls/TestCall.php

@@ -12,6 +12,7 @@ use Pest\Factories\Attribute;
 use Pest\Factories\TestCaseMethodFactory;
 use Pest\Mutate\Repositories\ConfigurationRepository;
 use Pest\PendingCalls\Concerns\Describable;
+use Pest\Plugins\Environment;
 use Pest\Plugins\Only;
 use Pest\Support\Backtrace;
 use Pest\Support\Container;
@@ -21,6 +22,10 @@ use Pest\Support\NullClosure;
 use Pest\Support\Str;
 use Pest\TestSuite;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\AssertionFailedError;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\CoversClass;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\CoversFunction;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\CoversTrait;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Group;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 
 /**
@@ -178,10 +183,9 @@ final class TestCall // @phpstan-ignore-line
     }
 
     /**
-     * Runs the current test multiple times with
-     * each item of the given `iterable`.
+     * Runs the current test multiple times with each item of the given `iterable`.
      *
-     * @param  array<\Closure|iterable<int|string, mixed>|string>  $data
+     * @param  Closure|iterable<array-key, mixed>|string  $data
      */
     public function with(Closure|iterable|string ...$data): self
     {
@@ -211,7 +215,7 @@ final class TestCall // @phpstan-ignore-line
     {
         foreach ($groups as $group) {
             $this->testCaseMethod->attributes[] = new Attribute(
-                \PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Group::class,
+                Group::class,
                 [$group],
             );
         }
@@ -315,6 +319,61 @@ final class TestCall // @phpstan-ignore-line
             : $this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Weather the current test is running on a CI environment.
+     */
+    private function runningOnCI(): bool
+    {
+        foreach ([
+            'CI',
+            'GITHUB_ACTIONS',
+            'GITLAB_CI',
+            'CIRCLECI',
+            'TRAVIS',
+            'APPVEYOR',
+            'BITBUCKET_BUILD_NUMBER',
+            'BUILDKITE',
+            'TEAMCITY_VERSION',
+            'JENKINS_URL',
+            'SYSTEM_COLLECTIONURI',
+            'CI_NAME',
+            'TASKCLUSTER_ROOT_URL',
+            'DRONE',
+            'WERCKER',
+            'NEVERCODE',
+            'SEMAPHORE',
+            'NETLIFY',
+            'NOW_BUILDER',
+        ] as $env) {
+            if (getenv($env) !== false) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return Environment::name() === Environment::CI;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Skips the current test when running on a CI environments.
+     */
+    public function skipOnCI(): self
+    {
+        if ($this->runningOnCI()) {
+            return $this->skip('This test is skipped on [CI].');
+        }
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
+    public function skipLocally(): self
+    {
+        if ($this->runningOnCI() === false) {
+            return $this->skip('This test is skipped [locally].');
+        }
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Skips the current test unless the given test is running on Windows.
      */
@@ -353,6 +412,20 @@ final class TestCall // @phpstan-ignore-line
         return $this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Marks the test as flaky, retrying it up to the given number of times.
+     */
+    public function flaky(int $tries = 3): self
+    {
+        if ($tries < 1) {
+            throw new InvalidArgumentException('The number of tries must be greater than 0.');
+        }
+
+        $this->testCaseMethod->flakyTries = $tries;
+
+        return $this;
+    }
+
     /**
      * Marks the test as "todo".
      */
@@ -549,7 +622,7 @@ final class TestCall // @phpstan-ignore-line
     {
         foreach ($classes as $class) {
             $this->testCaseFactoryAttributes[] = new Attribute(
-                \PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\CoversClass::class,
+                CoversClass::class,
                 [$class],
             );
         }
@@ -572,7 +645,7 @@ final class TestCall // @phpstan-ignore-line
     {
         foreach ($traits as $trait) {
             $this->testCaseFactoryAttributes[] = new Attribute(
-                \PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\CoversTrait::class,
+                CoversTrait::class,
                 [$trait],
             );
         }
@@ -595,7 +668,7 @@ final class TestCall // @phpstan-ignore-line
     {
         foreach ($functions as $function) {
             $this->testCaseFactoryAttributes[] = new Attribute(
-                \PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\CoversFunction::class,
+                CoversFunction::class,
                 [$function],
             );
         }
@@ -604,18 +677,29 @@ final class TestCall // @phpstan-ignore-line
     }
 
     /**
-     * Sets that the current test covers nothing.
+     * Adds one or more references to the tested method or class. This helps
+     * to link test cases to the source code for easier navigation.
+     *
+     * @param  array<class-string|string>|class-string  ...$classes
      */
-    public function coversNothing(): self
+    public function references(string|array ...$classes): self
     {
-        $this->testCaseMethod->attributes[] = new Attribute(
-            \PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\CoversNothing::class,
-            [],
-        );
+        assert($classes !== []);
 
         return $this;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Adds one or more references to the tested method or class. This helps
+     * to link test cases to the source code for easier navigation.
+     *
+     * @param  array<class-string|string>|class-string  ...$classes
+     */
+    public function see(string|array ...$classes): self
+    {
+        return $this->references(...$classes);
+    }
+
     /**
      * Informs the test runner that no expectations happen in this test,
      * and its purpose is simply to check whether the given code can
@@ -693,7 +777,12 @@ final class TestCall // @phpstan-ignore-line
         $this->testSuite->tests->set($this->testCaseMethod);
 
         if (! is_null($testCase = $this->testSuite->tests->get($this->filename))) {
-            $testCase->attributes = array_merge($testCase->attributes, $this->testCaseFactoryAttributes);
+            $attributesToMerge = array_filter(
+                $this->testCaseFactoryAttributes,
+                fn (Attribute $attributeToMerge): bool => array_filter($testCase->attributes, fn (Attribute $attribute): bool => serialize($attributeToMerge) === serialize($attribute)) === []
+            );
+
+            $testCase->attributes = array_merge($testCase->attributes, $attributesToMerge);
         }
     }
 }

src/Pest.php

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ namespace Pest;
 
 function version(): string
 {
-    return '3.8.2';
+    return '4.6.2';
 }
 
 function testDirectory(string $file = ''): string

src/Plugins/Cache.php

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ final class Cache implements HandlesArguments
     /**
      * The temporary folder.
      */
-    private const TEMPORARY_FOLDER = __DIR__
+    private const string TEMPORARY_FOLDER = __DIR__
         .DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR
         .'..'
         .DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR

src/Plugins/Concerns/HandleArguments.php

@@ -56,4 +56,31 @@ trait HandleArguments
 
         return array_values(array_flip($arguments));
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Pops the given argument and its value from the arguments, returning the value.
+     *
+     * @param  array<int, string>  $arguments
+     */
+    public function popArgumentValue(string $argument, array &$arguments): ?string
+    {
+        foreach ($arguments as $key => $value) {
+            if (str_contains($value, "$argument=")) {
+                unset($arguments[$key]);
+                $arguments = array_values($arguments);
+
+                return substr($value, strlen($argument) + 1);
+            }
+
+            if ($value === $argument && isset($arguments[$key + 1])) {
+                $result = $arguments[$key + 1];
+                unset($arguments[$key], $arguments[$key + 1]);
+                $arguments = array_values($arguments);
+
+                return $result;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return null;
+    }
 }

src/Plugins/Configuration.php

@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ final class Configuration implements HandlesArguments, Terminable
     /**
      * The base PHPUnit file.
      */
-    public const BASE_PHPUNIT_FILE = __DIR__
+    public const string BASE_PHPUNIT_FILE = __DIR__
         .DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR
         .'..'
         .DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ final class Configuration implements HandlesArguments, Terminable
      */
     public function handleArguments(array $arguments): array
     {
-        if ($this->hasArgument('--configuration', $arguments) || $this->hasCustomConfigurationFile()) {
+        if ($this->hasArgument('--configuration', $arguments) || $this->hasArgument('-c', $arguments) || $this->hasCustomConfigurationFile()) {
             return $arguments;
         }
 

src/Plugins/Coverage.php

@@ -17,20 +17,13 @@ use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
  */
 final class Coverage implements AddsOutput, HandlesArguments
 {
-    /**
-     * @var string
-     */
-    private const COVERAGE_OPTION = 'coverage';
+    private const string COVERAGE_OPTION = 'coverage';
 
-    /**
-     * @var string
-     */
-    private const MIN_OPTION = 'min';
+    private const string MIN_OPTION = 'min';
 
-    /**
-     * @var string
-     */
-    private const EXACTLY_OPTION = 'exactly';
+    private const string EXACTLY_OPTION = 'exactly';
+
+    private const string ONLY_COVERED_OPTION = 'only-covered';
 
     /**
      * Whether it should show the coverage or not.
@@ -52,6 +45,11 @@ final class Coverage implements AddsOutput, HandlesArguments
      */
     public ?float $coverageExactly = null;
 
+    /**
+     * Whether it should show only covered files.
+     */
+    public bool $showOnlyCovered = false;
+
     /**
      * Creates a new Plugin instance.
      */
@@ -66,7 +64,7 @@ final class Coverage implements AddsOutput, HandlesArguments
     public function handleArguments(array $originals): array
     {
         $arguments = [...[''], ...array_values(array_filter($originals, function (string $original): bool {
-            foreach ([self::COVERAGE_OPTION, self::MIN_OPTION, self::EXACTLY_OPTION] as $option) {
+            foreach ([self::COVERAGE_OPTION, self::MIN_OPTION, self::EXACTLY_OPTION, self::ONLY_COVERED_OPTION] as $option) {
                 if ($original === sprintf('--%s', $option)) {
                     return true;
                 }
@@ -89,6 +87,7 @@ final class Coverage implements AddsOutput, HandlesArguments
         $inputs[] = new InputOption(self::COVERAGE_OPTION, null, InputOption::VALUE_NONE);
         $inputs[] = new InputOption(self::MIN_OPTION, null, InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED);
         $inputs[] = new InputOption(self::EXACTLY_OPTION, null, InputOption::VALUE_REQUIRED);
+        $inputs[] = new InputOption(self::ONLY_COVERED_OPTION, null, InputOption::VALUE_NONE);
 
         $input = new ArgvInput($arguments, new InputDefinition($inputs));
         if ((bool) $input->getOption(self::COVERAGE_OPTION)) {
@@ -129,6 +128,10 @@ final class Coverage implements AddsOutput, HandlesArguments
             $this->coverageExactly = (float) $exactlyOption;
         }
 
+        if ((bool) $input->getOption(self::ONLY_COVERED_OPTION)) {
+            $this->showOnlyCovered = true;
+        }
+
         if ($_SERVER['COLLISION_PRINTER_COMPACT'] ?? false) {
             $this->compact = true;
         }
@@ -153,7 +156,7 @@ final class Coverage implements AddsOutput, HandlesArguments
                 exit(1);
             }
 
-            $coverage = \Pest\Support\Coverage::report($this->output, $this->compact);
+            $coverage = \Pest\Support\Coverage::report($this->output, $this->compact, $this->showOnlyCovered);
             $exitCode = (int) ($coverage < $this->coverageMin);
 
             if ($exitCode === 0 && $this->coverageExactly !== null) {

src/Plugins/Environment.php

@@ -14,12 +14,12 @@ final class Environment implements HandlesArguments
     /**
      * The continuous integration environment.
      */
-    public const CI = 'ci';
+    public const string CI = 'ci';
 
     /**
      * The local environment.
      */
-    public const LOCAL = 'local';
+    public const string LOCAL = 'local';
 
     /**
      * The current environment.

src/Plugins/Help.php

@@ -99,6 +99,7 @@ final readonly class Help implements HandlesArguments
     {
         $helpReflection = new PHPUnitHelp;
 
+        // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
         $content = (fn (): array => $this->elements())->call($helpReflection);
 
         $content['Configuration'] = [...[[
@@ -106,6 +107,13 @@ final readonly class Help implements HandlesArguments
             'desc' => 'Initialise a standard Pest configuration',
         ]], ...$content['Configuration']];
 
+        $content['AI'] = [
+            [
+                'arg' => '--ai',
+                'desc' => 'Run a code snippet as a fully scaffolded test for AI verification',
+            ],
+        ];
+
         $content['Execution'] = [...[
             [
                 'arg' => '--parallel',
@@ -115,6 +123,10 @@ final readonly class Help implements HandlesArguments
                 'arg' => '--update-snapshots',
                 'desc' => 'Update snapshots for tests using the "toMatchSnapshot" expectation',
             ],
+            [
+                'arg' => '--update-shards',
+                'desc' => 'Update shards.json with test timing data for time-balanced sharding',
+            ],
         ], ...$content['Execution']];
 
         $content['Selection'] = [[
@@ -141,6 +153,12 @@ final readonly class Help implements HandlesArguments
         ], [
             'arg' => '--retry',
             'desc' => 'Run non-passing tests first and stop execution upon first error or failure',
+        ], [
+            'arg' => '--dirty',
+            'desc' => 'Only run tests that have uncommitted changes according to Git',
+        ], [
+            'arg' => '--flaky',
+            'desc' => 'Output to standard output tests marked as flaky',
         ], ...$content['Selection']];
 
         $content['Reporting'] = [...$content['Reporting'], ...[
@@ -156,6 +174,12 @@ final readonly class Help implements HandlesArguments
         ], [
             'arg' => '--coverage --min',
             'desc' => 'Set the minimum required coverage percentage, and fail if not met',
+        ], [
+            'arg' => '--coverage --exactly',
+            'desc' => 'Set the exact required coverage percentage, and fail if not met',
+        ], [
+            'arg' => '--coverage --only-covered',
+            'desc' => 'Hide files with 0% coverage from the code coverage report',
         ], ...$content['Code Coverage']];
 
         $content['Mutation Testing'] = [[

src/Plugins/Init.php

@@ -20,12 +20,12 @@ final readonly class Init implements HandlesArguments
     /**
      * The option the triggers the init job.
      */
-    private const INIT_OPTION = '--init';
+    private const string INIT_OPTION = '--init';
 
     /**
      * The files that will be created.
      */
-    private const STUBS = [
+    private const array STUBS = [
         'phpunit.xml.stub' => 'phpunit.xml',
         'Pest.php.stub' => 'tests/Pest.php',
         'TestCase.php.stub' => 'tests/TestCase.php',

src/Plugins/Only.php

@@ -5,7 +5,10 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace Pest\Plugins;
 
 use Pest\Contracts\Plugins\Terminable;
+use Pest\Factories\Attribute;
+use Pest\Factories\TestCaseMethodFactory;
 use Pest\PendingCalls\TestCall;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Attributes\Group;
 
 /**
  * @internal
@@ -15,7 +18,7 @@ final class Only implements Terminable
     /**
      * The temporary folder.
      */
-    private const TEMPORARY_FOLDER = __DIR__
+    private const string TEMPORARY_FOLDER = __DIR__
         .DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR
         .'..'
         .DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR
@@ -23,28 +26,19 @@ final class Only implements Terminable
         .DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR
         .'.temp';
 
-    /**
-     * {@inheritDoc}
-     */
-    public function terminate(): void
-    {
-        if (Parallel::isWorker()) {
-            return;
-        }
-
-        $lockFile = self::TEMPORARY_FOLDER.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'only.lock';
-
-        if (file_exists($lockFile)) {
-            unlink($lockFile);
-        }
-    }
-
     /**
      * Creates the lock file.
      */
-    public static function enable(TestCall $testCall, string $group = '__pest_only'): void
+    public static function enable(TestCall|TestCaseMethodFactory $testCall, string $group = '__pest_only'): void
     {
+        if ($testCall instanceof TestCall) {
             $testCall->group($group);
+        } else {
+            $testCall->attributes[] = new Attribute(
+                Group::class,
+                [$group],
+            );
+        }
 
         if (Environment::name() === Environment::CI || Parallel::isWorker()) {
             return;
@@ -88,4 +82,20 @@ final class Only implements Terminable
 
         return file_get_contents($lockFile) ?: '__pest_only'; // @phpstan-ignore-line
     }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public function terminate(): void
+    {
+        if (Parallel::isWorker()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $lockFile = self::TEMPORARY_FOLDER.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'only.lock';
+
+        if (file_exists($lockFile)) {
+            unlink($lockFile);
+        }
+    }
 }

src/Plugins/Parallel.php

@@ -23,9 +23,9 @@ final class Parallel implements HandlesArguments
 {
     use HandleArguments;
 
-    private const GLOBAL_PREFIX = 'PEST_PARALLEL_GLOBAL_';
+    private const string GLOBAL_PREFIX = 'PEST_PARALLEL_GLOBAL_';
 
-    private const HANDLERS = [
+    private const array HANDLERS = [
         Parallel\Handlers\Parallel::class,
         Parallel\Handlers\Pest::class,
         Parallel\Handlers\Laravel::class,
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ final class Parallel implements HandlesArguments
     /**
      * @var string[]
      */
-    private const UNSUPPORTED_ARGUMENTS = ['--todo', '--todos', '--retry', '--notes', '--issue', '--pr', '--pull-request'];
+    private const array UNSUPPORTED_ARGUMENTS = ['--todo', '--todos', '--retry', '--notes', '--issue', '--pr', '--pull-request', '--flaky'];
 
     /**
      * Whether the given command line arguments indicate that the test suite should be run in parallel.
@@ -127,7 +127,9 @@ final class Parallel implements HandlesArguments
             $arguments
         );
 
-        $exitCode = $this->paratestCommand()->run(new ArgvInput($filteredArguments), new CleanConsoleOutput);
+        $filteredArguments = $this->processTeamcityArguments($filteredArguments);
+
+        $exitCode = $this->paratestCommand()->run(new ArgvInput(array_values($filteredArguments)), new CleanConsoleOutput);
 
         return CallsAddsOutput::execute($exitCode);
     }
@@ -197,4 +199,18 @@ final class Parallel implements HandlesArguments
 
         return $this->popArgument('-p', $arguments);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  string[]  $arguments
+     * @return string[]
+     */
+    public function processTeamcityArguments(array $arguments): array
+    {
+        $argv = new ArgvInput;
+        if ($argv->hasParameterOption('--teamcity')) {
+            $arguments[] = '--teamcity';
+        }
+
+        return $arguments;
+    }
 }

src/Plugins/Parallel/Handlers/Laravel.php

@@ -7,6 +7,7 @@ namespace Pest\Plugins\Parallel\Handlers;
 use Closure;
 use Composer\InstalledVersions;
 use Illuminate\Testing\ParallelRunner;
+use Orchestra\Testbench\TestCase;
 use ParaTest\Options;
 use ParaTest\RunnerInterface;
 use Pest\Contracts\Plugins\HandlesArguments;
@@ -39,13 +40,13 @@ final class Laravel implements HandlesArguments
      * Executes the given closure when running Laravel.
      *
      * @param  array<int, string>  $arguments
-     * @param  CLosure(array<int, string>): array<int, string>  $closure
+     * @param  Closure(array<int, string>): array<int, string>  $closure
      * @return array<int, string>
      */
     private function whenUsingLaravel(array $arguments, Closure $closure): array
     {
         $isLaravelApplication = InstalledVersions::isInstalled('laravel/framework', false);
-        $isLaravelPackage = class_exists(\Orchestra\Testbench\TestCase::class);
+        $isLaravelPackage = class_exists(TestCase::class);
 
         if ($isLaravelApplication && ! $isLaravelPackage) {
             return $closure($arguments);

src/Plugins/Parallel/Handlers/Parallel.php

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ final class Parallel implements HandlesArguments
     /**
      * The list of arguments to remove.
      */
-    private const ARGS_TO_REMOVE = [
+    private const array ARGS_TO_REMOVE = [
         '--parallel',
         '-p',
         '--no-output',

src/Plugins/Parallel/Paratest/CleanConsoleOutput.php

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ final class CleanConsoleOutput extends ConsoleOutput
     /**
      * {@inheritdoc}
      */
+    #[\Override]
     protected function doWrite(string $message, bool $newline): void // @pest-arch-ignore-line
     {
         if ($this->isOpeningHeadline($message)) {

src/Plugins/Parallel/Paratest/ResultPrinter.php

@@ -59,10 +59,10 @@ final class ResultPrinter
         private readonly OutputInterface $output,
         private readonly Options $options
     ) {
-        $this->printer = new class($this->output) implements Printer
+        $this->printer = new readonly class($this->output) implements Printer
         {
             public function __construct(
-                private readonly OutputInterface $output,
+                private OutputInterface $output,
             ) {}
 
             public function print(string $buffer): void
@@ -81,7 +81,9 @@ final class ResultPrinter
             public function flush(): void {}
         };
 
-        $this->compactPrinter = CompactPrinter::default();
+        $this->compactPrinter = CompactPrinter::default(
+            decorated: ! in_array('--colors=never', $_SERVER['argv'] ?? [], true),
+        );
 
         if (! $this->options->configuration->hasLogfileTeamcity()) {
             return;
@@ -92,14 +94,13 @@ final class ResultPrinter
         $this->teamcityLogFileHandle = $teamcityLogFileHandle;
     }
 
-    /** @param  list<SplFileInfo>  $teamcityFiles */
     public function printFeedback(
         SplFileInfo $progressFile,
         SplFileInfo $outputFile,
-        array $teamcityFiles
+        ?SplFileInfo $teamcityFile,
     ): void {
-        if ($this->options->needsTeamcity) {
-            $teamcityProgress = $this->tailMultiple($teamcityFiles);
+        if ($this->options->needsTeamcity && $teamcityFile instanceof SplFileInfo) {
+            $teamcityProgress = $this->tailMultiple([$teamcityFile]);
 
             if ($this->teamcityLogFileHandle !== null) {
                 fwrite($this->teamcityLogFileHandle, $teamcityProgress);
@@ -171,9 +172,19 @@ final class ResultPrinter
 
         $state = (new StateGenerator)->fromPhpUnitTestResult($this->passedTests, $testResult);
 
+        if ($testResult->numberOfTestsRun() === 0 && $state->testSuiteTestsCount() === 0) {
+            $this->output->writeln([
+                '',
+                '  <fg=white;options=bold;bg=blue> INFO </> No tests found.',
+                '',
+            ]);
+        }
+
+        if (! isset($_SERVER['PEST_PARALLEL_NO_OUTPUT'])) {
             $this->compactPrinter->errors($state);
             $this->compactPrinter->recap($state, $testResult, $duration, $this->options);
         }
+    }
 
     private function printFeedbackItem(string $item): void
     {

src/Plugins/Parallel/Paratest/WrapperRunner.php

@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ use ParaTest\WrapperRunner\WrapperWorker;
 use Pest\Result;
 use Pest\TestSuite;
 use PHPUnit\Event\Facade as EventFacade;
+use PHPUnit\Event\Test\AfterLastTestMethodFailed;
 use PHPUnit\Event\TestRunner\WarningTriggered;
 use PHPUnit\Runner\CodeCoverage;
 use PHPUnit\Runner\ResultCache\DefaultResultCache;
@@ -38,6 +39,7 @@ use function dirname;
 use function file_get_contents;
 use function max;
 use function realpath;
+use function str_starts_with;
 use function unlink;
 use function unserialize;
 use function usleep;
@@ -50,7 +52,12 @@ final class WrapperRunner implements RunnerInterface
     /**
      * The time to sleep between cycles.
      */
-    private const CYCLE_SLEEP = 10000;
+    /**
+     * The merged test result from the parallel run.
+     */
+    public static ?TestResult $result = null;
+
+    private const int CYCLE_SLEEP = 10000;
 
     /**
      * The result printer.
@@ -130,6 +137,7 @@ final class WrapperRunner implements RunnerInterface
         $parameters = $this->handleLaravelHerd($parameters);
 
         $parameters[] = $wrapper;
+        $parameters[] = '--test-directory='.TestSuite::getInstance()->testPath;
 
         $this->parameters = $parameters;
         $this->codeCoverageFilterRegistry = new CodeCoverageFilterRegistry;
@@ -224,7 +232,7 @@ final class WrapperRunner implements RunnerInterface
         $this->printer->printFeedback(
             $worker->progressFile,
             $worker->unexpectedOutputFile,
-            $this->teamcityFiles,
+            $worker->teamcityFile ?? null,
         );
         $worker->reset();
     }
@@ -313,27 +321,42 @@ final class WrapperRunner implements RunnerInterface
             $testResult = unserialize($contents);
             assert($testResult instanceof TestResult);
 
+            /** @var list<AfterLastTestMethodFailed> $failedEvents */
+            $failedEvents = array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->testFailedEvents(), $testResult->testFailedEvents());
+
             $testResultSum = new TestResult(
                 (int) $testResultSum->hasTests() + (int) $testResult->hasTests(),
                 $testResultSum->numberOfTestsRun() + $testResult->numberOfTestsRun(),
                 $testResultSum->numberOfAssertions() + $testResult->numberOfAssertions(),
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->testErroredEvents(), $testResult->testErroredEvents()),
-                array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->testFailedEvents(), $testResult->testFailedEvents()),
+                $failedEvents,
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->testConsideredRiskyEvents(), $testResult->testConsideredRiskyEvents()),
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->testSuiteSkippedEvents(), $testResult->testSuiteSkippedEvents()),
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->testSkippedEvents(), $testResult->testSkippedEvents()),
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->testMarkedIncompleteEvents(), $testResult->testMarkedIncompleteEvents()),
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->testTriggeredPhpunitDeprecationEvents(), $testResult->testTriggeredPhpunitDeprecationEvents()),
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->testTriggeredPhpunitErrorEvents(), $testResult->testTriggeredPhpunitErrorEvents()),
+                array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->testTriggeredPhpunitNoticeEvents(), $testResult->testTriggeredPhpunitNoticeEvents()),
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->testTriggeredPhpunitWarningEvents(), $testResult->testTriggeredPhpunitWarningEvents()),
+                // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->testRunnerTriggeredDeprecationEvents(), $testResult->testRunnerTriggeredDeprecationEvents()),
+                // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
+                array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->testRunnerTriggeredNoticeEvents(), $testResult->testRunnerTriggeredNoticeEvents()),
+                // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->testRunnerTriggeredWarningEvents(), $testResult->testRunnerTriggeredWarningEvents()),
+                // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->errors(), $testResult->errors()),
+                // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->deprecations(), $testResult->deprecations()),
+                // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->notices(), $testResult->notices()),
+                // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->warnings(), $testResult->warnings()),
+                // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->phpDeprecations(), $testResult->phpDeprecations()),
+                // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->phpNotices(), $testResult->phpNotices()),
+                // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
                 array_merge_recursive($testResultSum->phpWarnings(), $testResult->phpWarnings()),
                 $testResultSum->numberOfIssuesIgnoredByBaseline() + $testResult->numberOfIssuesIgnoredByBaseline(),
             );
@@ -351,8 +374,10 @@ final class WrapperRunner implements RunnerInterface
             $testResultSum->testMarkedIncompleteEvents(),
             $testResultSum->testTriggeredPhpunitDeprecationEvents(),
             $testResultSum->testTriggeredPhpunitErrorEvents(),
+            $testResultSum->testTriggeredPhpunitNoticeEvents(),
             $testResultSum->testTriggeredPhpunitWarningEvents(),
             $testResultSum->testRunnerTriggeredDeprecationEvents(),
+            $testResultSum->testRunnerTriggeredNoticeEvents(),
             array_values(array_filter(
                 $testResultSum->testRunnerTriggeredWarningEvents(),
                 fn (WarningTriggered $event): bool => ! str_contains($event->message(), 'No tests found')
@@ -367,6 +392,8 @@ final class WrapperRunner implements RunnerInterface
             $testResultSum->numberOfIssuesIgnoredByBaseline(),
         );
 
+        self::$result = $testResultSum;
+
         if ($this->options->configuration->cacheResult()) {
             $resultCacheSum = new DefaultResultCache($this->options->configuration->testResultCacheFile());
             foreach ($this->resultCacheFiles as $resultCacheFile) {
@@ -465,15 +492,61 @@ final class WrapperRunner implements RunnerInterface
      */
     private function getTestFiles(SuiteLoader $suiteLoader): array
     {
-        /** @var array<string, non-empty-string> $files */
-        $files = [
-            ...array_values(array_filter(
+        /** @var array<string, null> $files */
+        $files = [];
+
+        foreach (array_filter(
             $suiteLoader->tests,
             fn (string $filename): bool => ! str_ends_with($filename, "eval()'d code")
-            )),
-            ...TestSuite::getInstance()->tests->getFilenames(),
-        ];
+        ) as $filename) {
+            $resolved = realpath($filename) ?: $filename;
+            $files[$resolved] = null;
+        }
 
-        return $files; // @phpstan-ignore-line
+        foreach (TestSuite::getInstance()->tests->getFilenames() as $filename) {
+            if ($this->shouldIncludeBootstrappedTestFile($filename)) {
+                $resolved = realpath($filename)
+                    ?: realpath($this->options->cwd.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename)
+                    ?: $filename;
+                $files[$resolved] = null;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return array_keys($files); // @phpstan-ignore-line
+    }
+
+    private function shouldIncludeBootstrappedTestFile(string $filename): bool
+    {
+        if (! $this->options->configuration->hasCliArguments()) {
+            return true;
+        }
+
+        $resolvedFilename = realpath($filename);
+
+        if ($resolvedFilename === false) {
+            $resolvedFilename = realpath($this->options->cwd.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.$filename);
+        }
+
+        if ($resolvedFilename === false) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        foreach ($this->options->configuration->cliArguments() as $path) {
+            $resolvedPath = realpath($path);
+
+            if ($resolvedPath === false) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if ($resolvedFilename === $resolvedPath) {
+                return true;
+            }
+
+            if (is_dir($resolvedPath) && str_starts_with($resolvedFilename, $resolvedPath.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR)) {
+                return true;
+            }
+        }
+
+        return false;
     }
 }

src/Plugins/Parallel/Support/CompactPrinter.php

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ final class CompactPrinter
     /**
      * @var array<string, array<int, string>>
      */
-    private const LOOKUP_TABLE = [
+    private const array LOOKUP_TABLE = [
         '.' => ['gray', '.'],
         'S' => ['yellow', 's'],
         'T' => ['cyan', 't'],
@@ -62,12 +62,12 @@ final class CompactPrinter
     /**
      * Creates a new instance of the Compact Printer.
      */
-    public static function default(): self
+    public static function default(bool $decorated = true): self
     {
         return new self(
             terminal(),
-            new ConsoleOutput(decorated: true),
-            new Style(new ConsoleOutput(decorated: true)),
+            new ConsoleOutput(decorated: $decorated),
+            new Style(new ConsoleOutput(decorated: $decorated)),
             terminal()->width() - 4,
         );
     }
@@ -131,14 +131,14 @@ final class CompactPrinter
             $status['collected'],
             $status['threshold'],
             $status['roots'],
-            null,
-            null,
-            null,
-            null,
-            null,
-            null,
-            null,
-            null,
+            0.00,
+            0.00,
+            0.00,
+            0.00,
+            false,
+            false,
+            false,
+            0,
         );
 
         $telemetry = new Info(

src/Plugins/Shard.php

@@ -0,0 +1,530 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Pest\Plugins;
+
+use Pest\Contracts\Plugins\AddsOutput;
+use Pest\Contracts\Plugins\HandlesArguments;
+use Pest\Contracts\Plugins\Terminable;
+use Pest\Exceptions\InvalidOption;
+use Pest\Subscribers\EnsureShardTimingFinished;
+use Pest\Subscribers\EnsureShardTimingsAreCollected;
+use Pest\Subscribers\EnsureShardTimingStarted;
+use Pest\TestSuite;
+use PHPUnit\Event;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\ArgvInput;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Input\InputInterface;
+use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
+use Symfony\Component\Process\Process;
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+final class Shard implements AddsOutput, HandlesArguments, Terminable
+{
+    use Concerns\HandleArguments;
+
+    private const string SHARD_OPTION = 'shard';
+
+    /**
+     * The shard index and total number of shards.
+     *
+     * @var array{
+     *     index: int,
+     *     total: int,
+     *     testsRan: int,
+     *     testsCount: int
+     * }|null
+     */
+    private static ?array $shard = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether to update the shards.json file.
+     */
+    private static bool $updateShards = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether time-balanced sharding was used.
+     */
+    private static bool $timeBalanced = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the shards.json file is outdated.
+     */
+    private static bool $shardsOutdated = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Whether the test suite passed.
+     */
+    private static bool $passed = false;
+
+    /**
+     * Collected timings from workers or subscribers.
+     *
+     * @var array<string, float>|null
+     */
+    private static ?array $collectedTimings = null;
+
+    /**
+     * The canonical list of test classes from --list-tests.
+     *
+     * @var list<string>|null
+     */
+    private static ?array $knownTests = null;
+
+    /**
+     * Creates a new Plugin instance.
+     */
+    public function __construct(
+        private readonly OutputInterface $output,
+    ) {
+        //
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritDoc}
+     */
+    public function handleArguments(array $arguments): array
+    {
+        if ($this->hasArgument('--update-shards', $arguments)) {
+            return $this->handleUpdateShards($arguments);
+        }
+
+        if (Parallel::isWorker() && Parallel::getGlobal('UPDATE_SHARDS') === true) {
+            self::$updateShards = true;
+
+            Event\Facade::instance()->registerSubscriber(new EnsureShardTimingStarted);
+            Event\Facade::instance()->registerSubscriber(new EnsureShardTimingFinished);
+
+            return $arguments;
+        }
+
+        if (! $this->hasArgument('--shard', $arguments)) {
+            return $arguments;
+        }
+
+        // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
+        $input = new ArgvInput($arguments);
+
+        ['index' => $index, 'total' => $total] = self::getShard($input);
+
+        $arguments = $this->popArgument("--shard=$index/$total", $this->popArgument('--shard', $this->popArgument(
+            "$index/$total",
+            $arguments,
+        )));
+
+        /** @phpstan-ignore-next-line */
+        $tests = $this->allTests($arguments);
+
+        $timings = $this->loadShardsFile();
+        if ($timings !== null) {
+            $knownTests = array_values(array_filter($tests, fn (string $test): bool => isset($timings[$test])));
+            $newTests = array_values(array_diff($tests, $knownTests));
+
+            $partitions = $this->partitionByTime($knownTests, $timings, $total);
+
+            foreach ($newTests as $i => $test) {
+                $partitions[$i % $total][] = $test;
+            }
+
+            $testsToRun = $partitions[$index - 1] ?? [];
+            self::$timeBalanced = true;
+            self::$shardsOutdated = $newTests !== [];
+        } else {
+            $testsToRun = (array_chunk($tests, max(1, (int) ceil(count($tests) / $total))))[$index - 1] ?? [];
+        }
+
+        self::$shard = [
+            'index' => $index,
+            'total' => $total,
+            'testsRan' => count($testsToRun),
+            'testsCount' => count($tests),
+        ];
+
+        if ($testsToRun === []) {
+            return $arguments;
+        }
+
+        return [...$arguments, '--filter', $this->buildFilterArgument($testsToRun)];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Handles the --update-shards argument.
+     *
+     * @param  array<int, string>  $arguments
+     * @return array<int, string>
+     */
+    private function handleUpdateShards(array $arguments): array
+    {
+        if ($this->hasArgument('--shard', $arguments)) {
+            throw new InvalidOption('The [--update-shards] option cannot be combined with [--shard].');
+        }
+
+        $arguments = $this->popArgument('--update-shards', $arguments);
+
+        self::$updateShards = true;
+
+        /** @phpstan-ignore-next-line */
+        self::$knownTests = $this->allTests($arguments);
+
+        if ($this->hasArgument('--parallel', $arguments) || $this->hasArgument('-p', $arguments)) {
+            Parallel::setGlobal('UPDATE_SHARDS', true);
+            Parallel::setGlobal('SHARD_RUN_ID', uniqid('pest-shard-', true));
+        } else {
+            Event\Facade::instance()->registerSubscriber(new EnsureShardTimingStarted);
+            Event\Facade::instance()->registerSubscriber(new EnsureShardTimingFinished);
+        }
+
+        return $arguments;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns all tests that the test suite would run.
+     *
+     * @param  list<string>  $arguments
+     * @return list<string>
+     */
+    private function allTests(array $arguments): array
+    {
+        $output = (new Process([
+            'php',
+            ...$this->removeParallelArguments($arguments),
+            '--list-tests',
+        ]))->setTimeout(120)->mustRun()->getOutput();
+
+        preg_match_all('/ - (?:P\\\\)?(Tests\\\\[^:]+)::/', $output, $matches);
+
+        return array_values(array_unique($matches[1]));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  array<int, string>  $arguments
+     * @return array<int, string>
+     */
+    private function removeParallelArguments(array $arguments): array
+    {
+        return array_filter($arguments, fn (string $argument): bool => ! in_array($argument, ['--parallel', '-p'], strict: true));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Builds the filter argument for the given tests to run.
+     */
+    private function buildFilterArgument(mixed $testsToRun): string
+    {
+        return addslashes(implode('|', $testsToRun));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Adds output after the Test Suite execution.
+     */
+    public function addOutput(int $exitCode): int
+    {
+        self::$passed = $exitCode === 0;
+
+        if (self::$updateShards && self::$passed && ! Parallel::isWorker()) {
+            self::$collectedTimings = $this->collectTimings();
+
+            $count = self::$knownTests !== null
+                ? count(array_intersect_key(self::$collectedTimings, array_flip(self::$knownTests)))
+                : count(self::$collectedTimings);
+
+            $this->output->writeln(sprintf(
+                '  <fg=gray>Shards:</>   <fg=default>shards.json updated with timings for %d test class%s.</>',
+                $count,
+                $count === 1 ? '' : 'es',
+            ));
+        }
+
+        if (self::$shard === null) {
+            return $exitCode;
+        }
+
+        [
+            'index' => $index,
+            'total' => $total,
+            'testsRan' => $testsRan,
+            'testsCount' => $testsCount,
+        ] = self::$shard;
+
+        $this->output->writeln(sprintf(
+            '  <fg=gray>Shard:</>    <fg=default>%d of %d</> — %d file%s ran, out of %d%s.',
+            $index,
+            $total,
+            $testsRan,
+            $testsRan === 1 ? '' : 's',
+            $testsCount,
+            self::$timeBalanced ? ' <fg=gray>(time-balanced)</>' : '',
+        ));
+
+        if (self::$shardsOutdated) {
+            $this->output->writeln('  <fg=yellow;options=bold>WARN</>  <fg=default>The [tests/.pest/shards.json] file is out of date. Run [--update-shards] to update it.</>');
+        }
+
+        return $exitCode;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Terminates the plugin.
+     */
+    public function terminate(): void
+    {
+        if (! self::$updateShards) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (Parallel::isWorker()) {
+            $this->writeWorkerTimings();
+
+            return;
+        }
+
+        if (! self::$passed) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $timings = self::$collectedTimings ?? $this->collectTimings();
+
+        if ($timings === []) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $this->writeTimings($timings);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Collects timings from subscribers or worker temp files.
+     *
+     * @return array<string, float>
+     */
+    private function collectTimings(): array
+    {
+        $runId = Parallel::getGlobal('SHARD_RUN_ID');
+
+        if (is_string($runId)) {
+            return $this->readWorkerTimings($runId);
+        }
+
+        return EnsureShardTimingsAreCollected::timings();
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes the current worker's timing data to a temp file.
+     */
+    private function writeWorkerTimings(): void
+    {
+        $timings = EnsureShardTimingsAreCollected::timings();
+
+        if ($timings === []) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $runId = Parallel::getGlobal('SHARD_RUN_ID');
+
+        if (! is_string($runId)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $path = sys_get_temp_dir().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'__pest_sharding_'.$runId.'-'.getmypid().'.json';
+
+        file_put_contents($path, json_encode($timings, JSON_THROW_ON_ERROR));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Reads and merges timing data from all worker temp files.
+     *
+     * @return array<string, float>
+     */
+    private function readWorkerTimings(string $runId): array
+    {
+        $pattern = sys_get_temp_dir().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'__pest_sharding_'.$runId.'-*.json';
+        $files = glob($pattern);
+
+        if ($files === false || $files === []) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        $merged = [];
+
+        foreach ($files as $file) {
+            $contents = file_get_contents($file);
+
+            if ($contents === false) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            $timings = json_decode($contents, true);
+
+            if (is_array($timings)) {
+                $merged = array_merge($merged, $timings);
+            }
+
+            unlink($file);
+        }
+
+        return $merged;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the path to shards.json.
+     */
+    private function shardsPath(): string
+    {
+        $testSuite = TestSuite::getInstance();
+
+        return implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, [$testSuite->rootPath, $testSuite->testPath, '.pest', 'shards.json']);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Loads the timings from shards.json.
+     *
+     * @return array<string, float>|null
+     */
+    private function loadShardsFile(): ?array
+    {
+        $path = $this->shardsPath();
+
+        if (! file_exists($path)) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $contents = file_get_contents($path);
+
+        if ($contents === false) {
+            throw new InvalidOption('The [tests/.pest/shards.json] file could not be read. Delete it or run [--update-shards] to regenerate.');
+        }
+
+        $data = json_decode($contents, true);
+
+        if (! is_array($data) || ! isset($data['timings']) || ! is_array($data['timings'])) {
+            throw new InvalidOption('The [tests/.pest/shards.json] file is corrupted. Delete it or run [--update-shards] to regenerate.');
+        }
+
+        return $data['timings'];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Partitions tests across shards using the LPT (Longest Processing Time) algorithm.
+     *
+     * @param  list<string>  $tests
+     * @param  array<string, float>  $timings
+     * @return list<list<string>>
+     */
+    private function partitionByTime(array $tests, array $timings, int $total): array
+    {
+        $knownTimings = array_filter(
+            array_map(fn (string $test): ?float => $timings[$test] ?? null, $tests),
+            fn (?float $t): bool => $t !== null,
+        );
+
+        $median = $knownTimings !== [] ? $this->median(array_values($knownTimings)) : 1.0;
+
+        $testsWithTimings = array_map(
+            fn (string $test): array => ['test' => $test, 'time' => $timings[$test] ?? $median],
+            $tests,
+        );
+
+        usort($testsWithTimings, fn (array $a, array $b): int => $b['time'] <=> $a['time']);
+
+        /** @var list<list<string>> */
+        $bins = array_fill(0, $total, []);
+        /** @var non-empty-list<float> */
+        $binTimes = array_fill(0, $total, 0.0);
+
+        foreach ($testsWithTimings as $item) {
+            $minIndex = array_search(min($binTimes), $binTimes, strict: true);
+            assert(is_int($minIndex));
+
+            $bins[$minIndex][] = $item['test'];
+            $binTimes[$minIndex] += $item['time'];
+        }
+
+        return $bins;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Calculates the median of an array of floats.
+     *
+     * @param  list<float>  $values
+     */
+    private function median(array $values): float
+    {
+        sort($values);
+
+        $count = count($values);
+        $middle = (int) floor($count / 2);
+
+        if ($count % 2 === 0) {
+            return ($values[$middle - 1] + $values[$middle]) / 2;
+        }
+
+        return $values[$middle];
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Writes the timings to shards.json.
+     *
+     * @param  array<string, float>  $timings
+     */
+    private function writeTimings(array $timings): void
+    {
+        $path = $this->shardsPath();
+
+        $directory = dirname($path);
+        if (! is_dir($directory)) {
+            mkdir($directory, 0755, true);
+        }
+
+        if (self::$knownTests !== null) {
+            $knownSet = array_flip(self::$knownTests);
+            $timings = array_intersect_key($timings, $knownSet);
+        }
+
+        ksort($timings);
+
+        $canonical = self::$knownTests ?? array_keys($timings);
+        sort($canonical);
+
+        file_put_contents($path, json_encode([
+            'timings' => $timings,
+            'checksum' => md5(implode("\n", $canonical)),
+            'updated_at' => date('c'),
+        ], JSON_PRETTY_PRINT | JSON_UNESCAPED_SLASHES)."\n");
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the shard information.
+     *
+     * @return array{index: int, total: int}
+     */
+    public static function getShard(InputInterface $input): array
+    {
+        if ($input->hasParameterOption('--'.self::SHARD_OPTION)) {
+            $shard = $input->getParameterOption('--'.self::SHARD_OPTION);
+        } else {
+            $shard = null;
+        }
+
+        if (! is_string($shard) || ! preg_match('/^\d+\/\d+$/', $shard)) {
+            throw new InvalidOption('The [--shard] option must be in the format "index/total".');
+        }
+
+        [$index, $total] = explode('/', $shard);
+
+        if (! is_numeric($index) || ! is_numeric($total)) {
+            throw new InvalidOption('The [--shard] option must be in the format "index/total".');
+        }
+
+        if ($index <= 0 || $total <= 0 || $index > $total) {
+            throw new InvalidOption('The [--shard] option index must be a non-negative integer less than the total number of shards.');
+        }
+
+        $index = (int) $index;
+        $total = (int) $total;
+
+        return [
+            'index' => $index,
+            'total' => $total,
+        ];
+    }
+}

src/Plugins/Snapshot.php

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace Pest\Plugins;
 
 use Pest\Contracts\Plugins\HandlesArguments;
-use Pest\Exceptions\InvalidOption;
 use Pest\TestSuite;
 
 /**
@@ -15,21 +14,116 @@ final class Snapshot implements HandlesArguments
 {
     use Concerns\HandleArguments;
 
+    /**
+     * Whether snapshots should be updated on this run.
+     */
+    public static bool $updateSnapshots = false;
+
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}
      */
     public function handleArguments(array $arguments): array
     {
+        if (Parallel::isWorker() && Parallel::getGlobal('UPDATE_SNAPSHOTS') === true) {
+            self::$updateSnapshots = true;
+
+            return $arguments;
+        }
+
         if (! $this->hasArgument('--update-snapshots', $arguments)) {
             return $arguments;
         }
 
-        if ($this->hasArgument('--parallel', $arguments)) {
-            throw new InvalidOption('The [--update-snapshots] option is not supported when running in parallel.');
+        self::$updateSnapshots = true;
+
+        if ($this->isFullRun($arguments)) {
+            TestSuite::getInstance()->snapshots->flush();
         }
 
-        TestSuite::getInstance()->snapshots->flush();
+        if ($this->hasArgument('--parallel', $arguments) || $this->hasArgument('-p', $arguments)) {
+            Parallel::setGlobal('UPDATE_SNAPSHOTS', true);
+        }
 
         return $this->popArgument('--update-snapshots', $arguments);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Options that take a value as the next argument (rather than via "=value").
+     *
+     * @var list<string>
+     */
+    private const array FLAGS_WITH_VALUES = [
+        '--filter',
+        '--group',
+        '--exclude-group',
+        '--test-suffix',
+        '--covers',
+        '--uses',
+        '--cache-directory',
+        '--cache-result-file',
+        '--configuration',
+        '--colors',
+        '--test-directory',
+        '--bootstrap',
+        '--order-by',
+        '--random-order-seed',
+        '--log-junit',
+        '--log-teamcity',
+        '--log-events-text',
+        '--log-events-verbose-text',
+        '--coverage-clover',
+        '--coverage-cobertura',
+        '--coverage-crap4j',
+        '--coverage-html',
+        '--coverage-php',
+        '--coverage-text',
+        '--coverage-xml',
+        '--assignee',
+        '--issue',
+        '--ticket',
+        '--pr',
+        '--pull-request',
+        '--retry',
+        '--shard',
+        '--repeat',
+    ];
+
+    /**
+     * Determines whether the command targets the entire suite (no filter, no path).
+     *
+     * @param  array<int, string>  $arguments
+     */
+    private function isFullRun(array $arguments): bool
+    {
+        if ($this->hasArgument('--filter', $arguments)) {
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        $tokens = array_slice($arguments, 1);
+        $skipNext = false;
+
+        foreach ($tokens as $arg) {
+            if ($skipNext) {
+                $skipNext = false;
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if ($arg === '') {
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            if ($arg[0] === '-') {
+                if (in_array($arg, self::FLAGS_WITH_VALUES, true)) {
+                    $skipNext = true;
+                }
+
+                continue;
+            }
+
+            return false;
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
 }

src/Plugins/Verbose.php

@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ final class Verbose implements HandlesArguments
     /**
      * The list of verbosity levels.
      */
-    private const VERBOSITY_LEVELS = ['v', 'vv', 'vvv', 'q'];
+    private const array VERBOSITY_LEVELS = ['v', 'vv', 'vvv', 'q'];
 
     /**
      * {@inheritDoc}

src/Repositories/DatasetsRepository.php

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ use function sprintf;
  */
 final class DatasetsRepository
 {
-    private const SEPARATOR = '>>';
+    private const string SEPARATOR = '>>';
 
     /**
      * Holds the datasets.
@@ -67,11 +67,11 @@ final class DatasetsRepository
     }
 
     /**
-     * @return Closure|array<int|string, mixed>
+     * @return array<int|string, mixed>
      *
      * @throws ShouldNotHappen
      */
-    public static function get(string $filename, string $description): Closure|array // @phpstan-ignore-line
+    public static function get(string $filename, string $description): array // @phpstan-ignore-line
     {
         $dataset = self::$withs[$filename.self::SEPARATOR.$description];
 
@@ -191,6 +191,7 @@ final class DatasetsRepository
             return str_starts_with($currentTestFile, $datasetScope);
         }, ARRAY_FILTER_USE_KEY);
 
+        /** @var string|null $closestScopeDatasetKey */
         $closestScopeDatasetKey = array_reduce(
             array_keys($matchingDatasets),
             fn (string|int|null $keyA, string|int|null $keyB): string|int|null => $keyA !== null && strlen((string) $keyA) > strlen((string) $keyB) ? $keyA : $keyB

src/Repositories/SnapshotRepository.php

@@ -19,8 +19,9 @@ final class SnapshotRepository
      * Creates a snapshot repository instance.
      */
     public function __construct(
-        readonly private string $testsPath,
-        readonly private string $snapshotsPath,
+        private readonly string $rootPath,
+        private readonly string $testsPath,
+        private readonly string $snapshotsPath,
     ) {}
 
     /**
@@ -58,8 +59,10 @@ final class SnapshotRepository
     {
         $snapshotFilename = $this->getSnapshotFilename();
 
-        if (! file_exists(dirname($snapshotFilename))) {
-            mkdir(dirname($snapshotFilename), 0755, true);
+        $directory = dirname($snapshotFilename);
+
+        if (! is_dir($directory)) {
+            @mkdir($directory, 0755, true);
         }
 
         file_put_contents($snapshotFilename, $snapshot);
@@ -103,7 +106,19 @@ final class SnapshotRepository
      */
     private function getSnapshotFilename(): string
     {
-        $relativePath = str_replace($this->testsPath, '', TestSuite::getInstance()->getFilename());
+        $testFile = TestSuite::getInstance()->getFilename();
+
+        if (str_starts_with($testFile, $this->testsPath)) {
+            // if the test file is in the tests directory
+            $startPath = $this->testsPath;
+        } else {
+            // if the test file is in the app, src, etc. directory
+            $startPath = $this->rootPath;
+        }
+
+        // relative path: we use substr() and not str_replace() to remove the start path
+        // for instance, if the $startPath is /app/ and the $testFile is /app/app/tests/Unit/ExampleTest.php, we should only remove the first /app/ from the path
+        $relativePath = substr($testFile, strlen($startPath));
 
         // remove extension from filename
         $relativePath = substr($relativePath, 0, (int) strrpos($relativePath, '.'));

src/Repositories/TestRepository.php

@@ -113,6 +113,16 @@ final class TestRepository
         $this->testCaseMethodFilters[] = $filter;
     }
 
+    /**
+     * Gets the class and traits configured for the given directory path.
+     *
+     * @return array<int, string>
+     */
+    public function getUsesForPath(string $path): array
+    {
+        return $this->uses[$path][0] ?? [];
+    }
+
     /**
      * Gets the test case factory from the given filename.
      */

src/Result.php

@@ -4,20 +4,16 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 
 namespace Pest;
 
-use NunoMaduro\Collision\Adapters\Phpunit\Support\ResultReflection;
 use PHPUnit\TestRunner\TestResult\TestResult;
 use PHPUnit\TextUI\Configuration\Configuration;
+use PHPUnit\TextUI\ShellExitCodeCalculator;
 
 /**
  * @internal
  */
 final class Result
 {
-    private const SUCCESS_EXIT = 0;
-
-    private const FAILURE_EXIT = 1;
-
-    private const EXCEPTION_EXIT = 2;
+    private const int SUCCESS_EXIT = 0;
 
     /**
      * If the exit code is different from 0.
@@ -40,44 +36,8 @@ final class Result
      */
     public static function exitCode(Configuration $configuration, TestResult $result): int
     {
-        if ($result->wasSuccessfulIgnoringPhpunitWarnings()) {
-            if ($configuration->failOnWarning()) {
-                $warnings = $result->numberOfTestsWithTestTriggeredPhpunitWarningEvents()
-                    + count($result->warnings())
-                    + count($result->phpWarnings());
+        $shell = new ShellExitCodeCalculator;
 
-                if ($warnings > 0) {
-                    return self::FAILURE_EXIT;
-                }
-            }
-
-            if (! $result->hasTestTriggeredPhpunitWarningEvents()) {
-                return self::SUCCESS_EXIT;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if ($configuration->failOnEmptyTestSuite() && ResultReflection::numberOfTests($result) === 0) {
-            return self::FAILURE_EXIT;
-        }
-
-        if ($result->wasSuccessfulIgnoringPhpunitWarnings()) {
-            if ($configuration->failOnRisky() && $result->hasTestConsideredRiskyEvents()) {
-                $returnCode = self::FAILURE_EXIT;
-            }
-
-            if ($configuration->failOnIncomplete() && $result->hasTestMarkedIncompleteEvents()) {
-                $returnCode = self::FAILURE_EXIT;
-            }
-
-            if ($configuration->failOnSkipped() && $result->hasTestSkippedEvents()) {
-                $returnCode = self::FAILURE_EXIT;
-            }
-        }
-
-        if ($result->hasTestErroredEvents()) {
-            return self::EXCEPTION_EXIT;
-        }
-
-        return self::FAILURE_EXIT;
+        return $shell->calculate($configuration, $result);
     }
 }

src/Runner/Filter/EnsureTestCaseIsInitiatedFilter.php

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Pest\Runner\Filter;
+
+use Pest\Contracts\HasPrintableTestCaseName;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\Test;
+use RecursiveFilterIterator;
+use RecursiveIterator;
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+final class EnsureTestCaseIsInitiatedFilter extends RecursiveFilterIterator
+{
+    /**
+     * @param  RecursiveIterator<int, Test>  $iterator
+     */
+    public function __construct(RecursiveIterator $iterator)
+    {
+        parent::__construct($iterator);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * {@inheritdoc}
+     */
+    public function accept(): bool
+    {
+        $test = $this->getInnerIterator()->current();
+
+        if ($test instanceof HasPrintableTestCaseName) {
+            /** @phpstan-ignore-next-line */
+            $test->__initializeTestCase();
+        }
+
+        return true;
+    }
+}

src/Subscribers/EnsureIgnorableTestCasesAreIgnored.php

@@ -23,19 +23,17 @@ final class EnsureIgnorableTestCasesAreIgnored implements StartedSubscriber
     {
         $reflection = new ReflectionClass(Facade::class);
         $property = $reflection->getProperty('collector');
-        $property->setAccessible(true);
         $collector = $property->getValue();
 
         assert($collector instanceof Collector);
 
         $reflection = new ReflectionClass($collector);
         $property = $reflection->getProperty('testRunnerTriggeredWarningEvents');
-        $property->setAccessible(true);
 
         /** @var array<int, WarningTriggered> $testRunnerTriggeredWarningEvents */
         $testRunnerTriggeredWarningEvents = $property->getValue($collector);
 
-        $testRunnerTriggeredWarningEvents = array_values(array_filter($testRunnerTriggeredWarningEvents, fn (WarningTriggered $event): bool => $event->message() !== 'No tests found in class "Pest\TestCases\IgnorableTestCase".'));
+        $testRunnerTriggeredWarningEvents = array_values(array_filter($testRunnerTriggeredWarningEvents, fn (WarningTriggered $event): bool => str_contains($event->message(), 'No tests found in class') === false));
 
         $property->setValue($collector, $testRunnerTriggeredWarningEvents);
     }

src/Subscribers/EnsureShardTimingFinished.php

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Pest\Subscribers;
+
+use PHPUnit\Event\TestSuite\Finished;
+use PHPUnit\Event\TestSuite\FinishedSubscriber;
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+final class EnsureShardTimingFinished implements FinishedSubscriber
+{
+    /**
+     * Runs the subscriber.
+     */
+    public function notify(Finished $event): void
+    {
+        EnsureShardTimingsAreCollected::finished($event);
+    }
+}

src/Subscribers/EnsureShardTimingStarted.php

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Pest\Subscribers;
+
+use PHPUnit\Event\TestSuite\Started;
+use PHPUnit\Event\TestSuite\StartedSubscriber;
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+final class EnsureShardTimingStarted implements StartedSubscriber
+{
+    /**
+     * Runs the subscriber.
+     */
+    public function notify(Started $event): void
+    {
+        EnsureShardTimingsAreCollected::started($event);
+    }
+}

src/Subscribers/EnsureShardTimingsAreCollected.php

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Pest\Subscribers;
+
+use PHPUnit\Event\Telemetry\HRTime;
+use PHPUnit\Event\TestSuite\Finished;
+use PHPUnit\Event\TestSuite\Started;
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+final class EnsureShardTimingsAreCollected
+{
+    /**
+     * The start times for each test class.
+     *
+     * @var array<string, HRTime>
+     */
+    private static array $startTimes = [];
+
+    /**
+     * The collected timings for each test class.
+     *
+     * @var array<string, float>
+     */
+    private static array $timings = [];
+
+    /**
+     * Records the start time for a test suite.
+     */
+    public static function started(Started $event): void
+    {
+        if (! $event->testSuite()->isForTestClass()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $name = preg_replace('/^P\\\\/', '', $event->testSuite()->name());
+
+        if (is_string($name)) {
+            self::$startTimes[$name] = $event->telemetryInfo()->time();
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Records the duration for a test suite.
+     */
+    public static function finished(Finished $event): void
+    {
+        if (! $event->testSuite()->isForTestClass()) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $name = preg_replace('/^P\\\\/', '', $event->testSuite()->name());
+
+        if (! is_string($name) || ! isset(self::$startTimes[$name])) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        $duration = $event->telemetryInfo()->time()->duration(self::$startTimes[$name]);
+
+        self::$timings[$name] = round($duration->asFloat(), 4);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the collected timings.
+     *
+     * @return array<string, float>
+     */
+    public static function timings(): array
+    {
+        return self::$timings;
+    }
+}

src/Support/Backtrace.php

@@ -11,12 +11,9 @@ use Pest\Exceptions\ShouldNotHappen;
  */
 final class Backtrace
 {
-    /**
-     * @var string
-     */
-    private const FILE = 'file';
+    private const string FILE = 'file';
 
-    private const BACKTRACE_OPTIONS = DEBUG_BACKTRACE_IGNORE_ARGS;
+    private const int BACKTRACE_OPTIONS = DEBUG_BACKTRACE_IGNORE_ARGS;
 
     /**
      * Returns the current test file.
@@ -26,7 +23,9 @@ final class Backtrace
         $current = null;
 
         foreach (debug_backtrace(self::BACKTRACE_OPTIONS) as $trace) {
-            assert(array_key_exists(self::FILE, $trace));
+            if (array_key_exists(self::FILE, $trace) === false) {
+                break;
+            }
 
             $traceFile = str_replace(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, '/', $trace[self::FILE]);
 

src/Support/Closure.php

@@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ final class Closure
      */
     public static function bind(?BaseClosure $closure, ?object $newThis, object|string|null $newScope = 'static'): BaseClosure
     {
-        if (! $closure instanceof \Closure) {
+        if (! $closure instanceof BaseClosure) {
             throw ShouldNotHappen::fromMessage('Could not bind null closure.');
         }
 
         // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
         $closure = BaseClosure::bind($closure, $newThis, $newScope);
 
-        if (! $closure instanceof \Closure) {
+        if (! $closure instanceof BaseClosure) {
             throw ShouldNotHappen::fromMessage('Could not bind closure.');
         }
 

src/Support/Container.php

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ final class Container
      */
     public static function getInstance(): self
     {
-        if (! self::$instance instanceof \Pest\Support\Container) {
+        if (! self::$instance instanceof Container) {
             self::$instance = new self;
         }
 

src/Support/Coverage.php

@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ final class Coverage
      * Reports the code coverage report to the
      * console and returns the result in float.
      */
-    public static function report(OutputInterface $output, bool $compact = false): float
+    public static function report(OutputInterface $output, bool $compact = false, bool $showOnlyCovered = false): float
     {
         if (! file_exists($reportPath = self::getPath())) {
             if (self::usingXdebug()) {
@@ -109,6 +109,10 @@ final class Coverage
                 $basename,
             ]);
 
+            if ($showOnlyCovered && $file->percentageOfExecutedLines()->asFloat() === 0.0) {
+                continue;
+            }
+
             $percentage = $file->numberOfExecutableLines() === 0
                 ? '100.0'
                 : number_format($file->percentageOfExecutedLines()->asFloat(), 1, '.', '');

src/Support/DatasetInfo.php

@@ -11,13 +11,13 @@ use function Pest\testDirectory;
  */
 final class DatasetInfo
 {
-    public const DATASETS_DIR_NAME = 'Datasets';
+    public const string DATASETS_DIR_NAME = 'Datasets';
 
-    public const DATASETS_FILE_NAME = 'Datasets.php';
+    public const string DATASETS_FILE_NAME = 'Datasets.php';
 
     public static function isInsideADatasetsDirectory(string $file): bool
     {
-        return basename(dirname($file)) === self::DATASETS_DIR_NAME;
+        return in_array(self::DATASETS_DIR_NAME, self::directorySegmentsInsideTestsDirectory($file), true);
     }
 
     public static function isADatasetsFile(string $file): bool
@@ -32,7 +32,23 @@ final class DatasetInfo
         }
 
         if (self::isInsideADatasetsDirectory($file)) {
-            return dirname($file, 2);
+            $scope = [];
+
+            foreach (self::directorySegmentsInsideTestsDirectory($file) as $segment) {
+                if ($segment === self::DATASETS_DIR_NAME) {
+                    break;
+                }
+
+                $scope[] = $segment;
+            }
+
+            $testsDirectoryPath = self::testsDirectoryPath($file);
+
+            if ($scope === []) {
+                return $testsDirectoryPath;
+            }
+
+            return $testsDirectoryPath.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, $scope);
         }
 
         if (self::isADatasetsFile($file)) {
@@ -41,4 +57,45 @@ final class DatasetInfo
 
         return $file;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @return list<string>
+     */
+    private static function directorySegmentsInsideTestsDirectory(string $file): array
+    {
+        $directory = dirname(self::pathInsideTestsDirectory($file));
+
+        if ($directory === '.' || $directory === DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR) {
+            return [];
+        }
+
+        return array_values(array_filter(
+            explode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, trim($directory, DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR)),
+            static fn (string $segment): bool => $segment !== '',
+        ));
+    }
+
+    private static function pathInsideTestsDirectory(string $file): string
+    {
+        $testsDirectory = DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.trim(testDirectory(), DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
+        $position = strrpos($file, $testsDirectory);
+
+        if ($position === false) {
+            return $file;
+        }
+
+        return substr($file, $position + strlen($testsDirectory));
+    }
+
+    private static function testsDirectoryPath(string $file): string
+    {
+        $testsDirectory = DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.trim(testDirectory(), DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR).DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR;
+        $position = strrpos($file, $testsDirectory);
+
+        if ($position === false) {
+            return dirname($file);
+        }
+
+        return substr($file, 0, $position + strlen($testsDirectory) - 1);
+    }
 }

src/Support/Description.php

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Pest\Support;
+
+final readonly class Description implements \Stringable
+{
+    /**
+     * Creates a new Description instance.
+     */
+    public function __construct(private string $description) {}
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the description as a string.
+     */
+    public function __toString(): string
+    {
+        return $this->description;
+    }
+}

src/Support/ExceptionTrace.php

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use Throwable;
  */
 final class ExceptionTrace
 {
-    private const UNDEFINED_METHOD = 'Call to undefined method P\\';
+    private const string UNDEFINED_METHOD = 'Call to undefined method P\\';
 
     /**
      * Ensures the given closure reports the good execution context.
@@ -26,6 +26,7 @@ final class ExceptionTrace
             return $closure();
         } catch (Throwable $throwable) {
             if (Str::startsWith($message = $throwable->getMessage(), self::UNDEFINED_METHOD)) {
+                // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
                 $class = preg_match('/^Call to undefined method ([^:]+)::/', $message, $matches) === false ? null : $matches[1];
 
                 $message = str_replace(self::UNDEFINED_METHOD, 'Call to undefined method ', $message);

src/Support/Exporter.php

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ final readonly class Exporter
     /**
      * The maximum number of items in an array to export.
      */
-    private const MAX_ARRAY_ITEMS = 3;
+    private const int MAX_ARRAY_ITEMS = 3;
 
     /**
      * Creates a new Exporter instance.

src/Support/HigherOrderCallables.php

@@ -46,6 +46,7 @@ final readonly class HigherOrderCallables
      */
     public function and(mixed $value): Expectation
     {
+        // @phpstan-ignore-next-line
         return $this->expect($value);
     }
 

src/Support/HigherOrderMessage.php

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ use Throwable;
  */
 final class HigherOrderMessage
 {
-    public const UNDEFINED_METHOD = 'Method %s does not exist';
+    public const string UNDEFINED_METHOD = 'Method %s does not exist';
 
     /**
      * An optional condition that will determine if the message will be executed.

src/Support/HigherOrderTapProxy.php

@@ -31,10 +31,8 @@ final class HigherOrderTapProxy
 
     /**
      * Dynamically pass properties gets to the target.
-     *
-     * @return mixed
      */
-    public function __get(string $property)
+    public function __get(string $property): mixed
     {
         if (property_exists($this->target, $property)) {
             return $this->target->{$property};

src/Support/Reflection.php

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ use Closure;
 use InvalidArgumentException;
 use Pest\Exceptions\ShouldNotHappen;
 use Pest\TestSuite;
+use PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase;
 use ReflectionClass;
 use ReflectionException;
 use ReflectionFunction;
@@ -34,8 +35,6 @@ final class Reflection
         try {
             $reflectionMethod = $reflectionClass->getMethod($method);
 
-            $reflectionMethod->setAccessible(true);
-
             return $reflectionMethod->invoke($object, ...$args);
         } catch (ReflectionException $exception) {
             if (method_exists($object, '__call')) {
@@ -68,7 +67,7 @@ final class Reflection
     {
         $test = TestSuite::getInstance()->test;
 
-        if (! $test instanceof \PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase) {
+        if (! $test instanceof TestCase) {
             return self::bindCallable($callable);
         }
 
@@ -113,8 +112,6 @@ final class Reflection
             }
         }
 
-        $reflectionProperty->setAccessible(true);
-
         return $reflectionProperty->getValue($object);
     }
 
@@ -144,8 +141,6 @@ final class Reflection
                 }
             }
         }
-
-        $reflectionProperty->setAccessible(true);
         $reflectionProperty->setValue($object, $value);
     }
 
@@ -227,7 +222,7 @@ final class Reflection
     {
         $getProperties = fn (ReflectionClass $reflectionClass): array => array_filter(
             array_map(
-                fn (ReflectionProperty $property): \ReflectionProperty => $property,
+                fn (ReflectionProperty $property): ReflectionProperty => $property,
                 $reflectionClass->getProperties(),
             ), fn (ReflectionProperty $property): bool => $property->getDeclaringClass()->getName() === $reflectionClass->getName(),
         );
@@ -262,7 +257,7 @@ final class Reflection
     {
         $getMethods = fn (ReflectionClass $reflectionClass): array => array_filter(
             array_map(
-                fn (ReflectionMethod $method): \ReflectionMethod => $method,
+                fn (ReflectionMethod $method): ReflectionMethod => $method,
                 $reflectionClass->getMethods($filter),
             ), fn (ReflectionMethod $method): bool => $method->getDeclaringClass()->getName() === $reflectionClass->getName(),
         );

src/Support/Shell.php

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Pest\Support;
+
+use Illuminate\Support\Env;
+use Laravel\Tinker\ClassAliasAutoloader;
+use Pest\TestSuite;
+use Psy\Configuration;
+use Psy\Shell as PsyShell;
+use Psy\VersionUpdater\Checker;
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+final class Shell
+{
+    /**
+     * Creates a new interactive shell.
+     */
+    public static function open(): void
+    {
+        $config = new Configuration;
+
+        $config->setUpdateCheck(Checker::NEVER);
+
+        $config->getPresenter()->addCasters(self::casters());
+
+        $shell = new PsyShell($config);
+
+        $loader = self::tinkered($shell);
+
+        try {
+            $shell->run();
+        } finally {
+            $loader?->unregister(); // @phpstan-ignore-line
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Returns the casters for the Psy Shell.
+     *
+     * @return array<string, callable>
+     */
+    private static function casters(): array
+    {
+        $casters = [
+            'Illuminate\Support\Collection' => 'Laravel\Tinker\TinkerCaster::castCollection',
+            'Illuminate\Support\HtmlString' => 'Laravel\Tinker\TinkerCaster::castHtmlString',
+            'Illuminate\Support\Stringable' => 'Laravel\Tinker\TinkerCaster::castStringable',
+        ];
+
+        if (class_exists('Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model')) {
+            $casters['Illuminate\Database\Eloquent\Model'] = 'Laravel\Tinker\TinkerCaster::castModel';
+        }
+
+        if (class_exists('Illuminate\Process\ProcessResult')) {
+            $casters['Illuminate\Process\ProcessResult'] = 'Laravel\Tinker\TinkerCaster::castProcessResult';
+        }
+
+        if (class_exists('Illuminate\Foundation\Application')) {
+            $casters['Illuminate\Foundation\Application'] = 'Laravel\Tinker\TinkerCaster::castApplication';
+        }
+
+        if (function_exists('app') === false) {
+            return $casters; // @phpstan-ignore-line
+        }
+
+        $config = app()->make('config');
+
+        return array_merge($casters, (array) $config->get('tinker.casters', []));
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * Tinkers the current shell, if the Tinker package is available.
+     */
+    private static function tinkered(PsyShell $shell): ?object
+    {
+        if (function_exists('app') === false
+            || ! class_exists(Env::class)
+            || ! class_exists(ClassAliasAutoloader::class)
+        ) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $path = Env::get('COMPOSER_VENDOR_DIR', app()->basePath().DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'vendor');
+
+        $path .= '/composer/autoload_classmap.php';
+
+        if (! file_exists($path)) {
+            $path = TestSuite::getInstance()->rootPath.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'vendor'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'composer'.DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR.'autoload_classmap.php';
+        }
+
+        $config = app()->make('config');
+
+        return ClassAliasAutoloader::register(
+            $shell, $path, $config->get('tinker.alias', []), $config->get('tinker.dont_alias', [])
+        );
+    }
+}

src/Support/StateGenerator.php

@@ -11,6 +11,10 @@ use PHPUnit\Event\Code\TestDoxBuilder;
 use PHPUnit\Event\Code\TestMethod;
 use PHPUnit\Event\Code\ThrowableBuilder;
 use PHPUnit\Event\Test\Errored;
+use PHPUnit\Event\Test\PhpunitDeprecationTriggered;
+use PHPUnit\Event\Test\PhpunitErrorTriggered;
+use PHPUnit\Event\Test\PhpunitNoticeTriggered;
+use PHPUnit\Event\Test\PhpunitWarningTriggered;
 use PHPUnit\Event\TestData\TestDataCollection;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\SkippedWithMessageException;
 use PHPUnit\Metadata\MetadataCollection;
@@ -43,6 +47,8 @@ final class StateGenerator
             ));
         }
 
+        $this->addTriggeredPhpunitEvents($state, $testResult->testTriggeredPhpunitErrorEvents(), TestResult::FAIL);
+
         foreach ($testResult->testMarkedIncompleteEvents() as $testResultEvent) {
             $state->add(TestResult::fromPestParallelTestCase(
                 $testResultEvent->test(),
@@ -99,6 +105,8 @@ final class StateGenerator
             }
         }
 
+        $this->addTriggeredPhpunitEvents($state, $testResult->testTriggeredPhpunitDeprecationEvents(), TestResult::DEPRECATED);
+
         foreach ($testResult->notices() as $testResultEvent) {
             foreach ($testResultEvent->triggeringTests() as $triggeringTest) {
                 ['test' => $test] = $triggeringTest;
@@ -123,6 +131,8 @@ final class StateGenerator
             }
         }
 
+        $this->addTriggeredPhpunitEvents($state, $testResult->testTriggeredPhpunitNoticeEvents(), TestResult::NOTICE);
+
         foreach ($testResult->warnings() as $testResultEvent) {
             foreach ($testResultEvent->triggeringTests() as $triggeringTest) {
                 ['test' => $test] = $triggeringTest;
@@ -135,6 +145,8 @@ final class StateGenerator
             }
         }
 
+        $this->addTriggeredPhpunitEvents($state, $testResult->testTriggeredPhpunitWarningEvents(), TestResult::WARN);
+
         foreach ($testResult->phpWarnings() as $testResultEvent) {
             foreach ($testResultEvent->triggeringTests() as $triggeringTest) {
                 ['test' => $test] = $triggeringTest;
@@ -165,4 +177,24 @@ final class StateGenerator
 
         return $state;
     }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  array<string, list<PhpunitDeprecationTriggered|PhpunitErrorTriggered|PhpunitNoticeTriggered|PhpunitWarningTriggered>>  $testResultEvents
+     */
+    private function addTriggeredPhpunitEvents(State $state, array $testResultEvents, string $type): void
+    {
+        foreach ($testResultEvents as $events) {
+            foreach ($events as $event) {
+                if (! $event->test()->isTestMethod()) {
+                    continue;
+                }
+
+                $state->add(TestResult::fromPestParallelTestCase(
+                    $event->test(),
+                    $type,
+                    ThrowableBuilder::from(new TestOutcome($event->message()))
+                ));
+            }
+        }
+    }
 }

src/Support/Str.php

@@ -13,12 +13,9 @@ final class Str
      * Pool of alpha-numeric characters for generating (unsafe) random strings
      * from.
      */
-    private const POOL = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
+    private const string POOL = '0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ';
 
-    /**
-     * @var string
-     */
-    private const PREFIX = '__pest_evaluable_';
+    private const string PREFIX = '__pest_evaluable_';
 
     /**
      * Create a (unsecure & non-cryptographically safe) random alpha-numeric
@@ -82,7 +79,7 @@ final class Str
             return $subject;
         }
 
-        return substr($subject, 0, $pos);
+        return mb_substr($subject, 0, $pos);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -104,7 +101,7 @@ final class Str
     /**
      * Creates a describe block as `$describeDescription` → `$testDescription` format.
      *
-     * @param  array<int, string>  $describeDescriptions
+     * @param  array<int, Description>  $describeDescriptions
      */
     public static function describe(array $describeDescriptions, string $testDescription): string
     {
@@ -120,4 +117,14 @@ final class Str
     {
         return (bool) filter_var($value, FILTER_VALIDATE_URL);
     }
+
+    /**
+     * Converts the given `$target` to a URL-friendly "slug".
+     */
+    public static function slugify(string $target): string
+    {
+        $target = preg_replace('/[^a-zA-Z0-9]+/', '-', $target);
+
+        return strtolower(trim((string) $target, '-'));
+    }
 }

src/TestCaseMethodFilters/FlakyTestCaseFilter.php

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Pest\TestCaseMethodFilters;
+
+use Pest\Contracts\TestCaseMethodFilter;
+use Pest\Factories\TestCaseMethodFactory;
+
+final readonly class FlakyTestCaseFilter implements TestCaseMethodFilter
+{
+    /**
+     * Filter the test case methods.
+     */
+    public function accept(TestCaseMethodFactory $factory): bool
+    {
+        return $factory->flakyTries !== null;
+    }
+}

src/TestSuite.php

@@ -78,6 +78,7 @@ final class TestSuite
         $this->afterAll = new AfterAllRepository;
         $this->rootPath = (string) realpath($rootPath);
         $this->snapshots = new SnapshotRepository(
+            $this->rootPath,
             implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, [$this->rootPath, $this->testPath]),
             implode(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, ['.pest', 'snapshots']),
         );
@@ -101,7 +102,7 @@ final class TestSuite
         }
 
         if (! self::$instance instanceof self) {
-            Panic::with(new InvalidPestCommand);
+            throw new InvalidPestCommand;
         }
 
         return self::$instance;
@@ -119,7 +120,7 @@ final class TestSuite
         assert($this->test instanceof TestCase);
 
         $description = str_replace('__pest_evaluable_', '', $this->test->name());
-        $datasetAsString = str_replace('__pest_evaluable_', '', Str::evaluable($this->test->dataSetAsStringWithData()));
+        $datasetAsString = str_replace('__pest_evaluable_', '', Str::evaluable($this->test->dataSetAsString()));
 
         return str_replace(' ', '_', $description.$datasetAsString);
     }

stubs/init-laravel/Pest.php.stub

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 <?php
 
+use Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase;
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | Test Case
@@ -7,12 +10,12 @@
 |
 | The closure you provide to your test functions is always bound to a specific PHPUnit test
 | case class. By default, that class is "PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase". Of course, you may
-| need to change it using the "pest()" function to bind a different classes or traits.
+| need to change it using the "pest()" function to bind different classes or traits.
 |
 */
 
-pest()->extend(Tests\TestCase::class)
- // ->use(Illuminate\Foundation\Testing\RefreshDatabase::class)
+pest()->extend(TestCase::class)
+ // ->use(RefreshDatabase::class)
     ->in('Feature');
 
 /*

stubs/init/Pest.php.stub

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 <?php
 
+use Tests\TestCase;
+
 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | Test Case
@@ -7,11 +9,11 @@
 |
 | The closure you provide to your test functions is always bound to a specific PHPUnit test
 | case class. By default, that class is "PHPUnit\Framework\TestCase". Of course, you may
-| need to change it using the "pest()" function to bind a different classes or traits.
+| need to change it using the "pest()" function to bind different classes or traits.
 |
 */
 
-pest()->extend(Tests\TestCase::class)->in('Feature');
+pest()->extend(TestCase::class)->in('Feature');
 
 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------