diff --git a/src/Plugins/Tia.php b/src/Plugins/Tia.php
index 73b6ad66..d59213ff 100644
--- a/src/Plugins/Tia.php
+++ b/src/Plugins/Tia.php
@@ -33,13 +33,13 @@ use Pest\Plugins\Tia\Storage;
 use Pest\Plugins\Tia\TableExtractor;
 use Pest\Plugins\Tia\WatchPatterns;
 use Pest\Support\Container;
+use Pest\Support\Git;
 use Pest\Support\View;
 use Pest\TestCaseFilters\TiaTestCaseFilter;
 use Pest\TestSuite;
 use PHPUnit\Framework\TestStatus\TestStatus;
 use PHPUnit\TestRunner\TestResult\Facade as TestResultFacade;
 use Symfony\Component\Console\Output\OutputInterface;
-use Symfony\Component\Process\Process;
 
 /**
  * @internal
@@ -2136,16 +2136,7 @@ final class Tia implements AddsOutput, HandlesArguments, HandlesOriginalArgument
      */
     private function gitSubdirectoryPrefix(string $projectRoot): ?string
     {
-        $process = new Process(['git', 'rev-parse', '--show-prefix'], $projectRoot);
-        $process->run();
-
-        if (! $process->isSuccessful()) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        $prefix = trim($process->getOutput());
-
-        return $prefix === '' ? null : rtrim(str_replace(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, '/', $prefix), '/');
+        return new Git($projectRoot)->subdirectoryPrefix();
     }
 
     private function composerLockDelta(string $projectRoot, string $sha): string
@@ -2155,15 +2146,13 @@ final class Tia implements AddsOutput, HandlesArguments, HandlesOriginalArgument
             return '';
         }
 
-        $process = new Process(['git', 'show', $sha.':composer.lock'], $projectRoot);
-        $process->setTimeout(5.0);
-        $process->run();
+        $baseline = new Git($projectRoot)->show($sha, 'composer.lock');
 
-        if (! $process->isSuccessful()) {
+        if ($baseline === null) {
             return '';
         }
 
-        $oldVersions = $this->lockVersions($process->getOutput());
+        $oldVersions = $this->lockVersions($baseline);
         $newVersions = $this->lockVersions($current);
 
         if ($oldVersions === [] && $newVersions === []) {
diff --git a/src/Plugins/Tia/ChangedFiles.php b/src/Plugins/Tia/ChangedFiles.php
index 805400f4..02e101fa 100644
--- a/src/Plugins/Tia/ChangedFiles.php
+++ b/src/Plugins/Tia/ChangedFiles.php
@@ -5,14 +5,19 @@ declare(strict_types=1);
 namespace Pest\Plugins\Tia;
 
 use Pest\Exceptions\MissingDependency;
-use Symfony\Component\Process\Process;
+use Pest\Support\Git;
 
 /**
  * @internal
  */
 final readonly class ChangedFiles
 {
-    public function __construct(private string $projectRoot) {}
+    private Git $git;
+
+    public function __construct(private string $projectRoot)
+    {
+        $this->git = new Git($projectRoot);
+    }
 
     /**
      * @param  array<int, string>  $files  project-relative paths.
@@ -155,15 +160,7 @@ final readonly class ChangedFiles
 
     private function contentAtSha(string $sha, string $path): ?string
     {
-        $process = new Process(['git', 'show', $sha.':'.$path], $this->projectRoot);
-        $process->setTimeout(5.0);
-        $process->run();
-
-        if (! $process->isSuccessful()) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        return $process->getOutput();
+        return $this->git->show($sha, $path);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -176,21 +173,17 @@ final readonly class ChangedFiles
             return $candidates;
         }
 
-        $process = new Process(
-            ['git', 'check-ignore', '--no-index', '-z', '--stdin'],
-            $this->projectRoot,
+        $result = $this->git->result(
+            ['check-ignore', '--no-index', '-z', '--stdin'],
+            implode("\x00", array_keys($candidates)),
         );
-        $process->setTimeout(5.0);
-        $process->setInput(implode("\x00", array_keys($candidates)));
-        $process->run();
 
-        $exitCode = $process->getExitCode();
-
-        if ($exitCode !== 0 && $exitCode !== 1) {
+        // `check-ignore` exits 1 when nothing matched — that is not a failure.
+        if ($result['exitCode'] !== 0 && $result['exitCode'] !== 1) {
             throw new MissingDependency('Tia mode', 'git');
         }
 
-        $output = $process->getOutput();
+        $output = $result['output'];
 
         if ($output === '') {
             return $candidates;
@@ -207,21 +200,20 @@ final readonly class ChangedFiles
 
     public function currentBranch(): ?string
     {
-        $process = new Process(['git', 'rev-parse', '--abbrev-ref', 'HEAD'], $this->projectRoot);
-        $process->run();
+        $output = $this->git->raw(['rev-parse', '--abbrev-ref', 'HEAD']);
 
-        if (! $process->isSuccessful()) {
+        if ($output === null) {
             throw new MissingDependency('Tia mode', 'git');
         }
 
-        $branch = trim($process->getOutput());
+        $branch = trim($output);
 
         return $branch === '' || $branch === 'HEAD' ? null : $branch;
     }
 
     public function defaultBranch(): ?string
     {
-        $head = $this->gitOutput(['git', 'symbolic-ref', '--short', 'refs/remotes/origin/HEAD']);
+        $head = $this->git->output(['symbolic-ref', '--short', 'refs/remotes/origin/HEAD']);
 
         if ($head !== null) {
             $branch = preg_replace('#^origin/#', '', $head);
@@ -231,14 +223,14 @@ final readonly class ChangedFiles
             }
         }
 
-        $configured = $this->gitOutput(['git', 'config', '--get', 'init.defaultBranch']);
+        $configured = $this->git->output(['config', '--get', 'init.defaultBranch']);
 
         if ($configured === null) {
             return null;
         }
 
-        $exists = $this->gitOutput(['git', 'rev-parse', '--verify', '--quiet', 'refs/heads/'.$configured]) !== null
-            || $this->gitOutput(['git', 'rev-parse', '--verify', '--quiet', 'refs/remotes/origin/'.$configured]) !== null;
+        $exists = $this->git->hasRef('refs/heads/'.$configured)
+            || $this->git->hasRef('refs/remotes/origin/'.$configured);
 
         return $exists ? $configured : null;
     }
@@ -248,20 +240,15 @@ final readonly class ChangedFiles
      */
     public function branchNames(): ?array
     {
-        $process = new Process(
-            ['git', 'for-each-ref', '--format=%(refname)', 'refs/heads', 'refs/remotes'],
-            $this->projectRoot,
-        );
-        $process->setTimeout(5.0);
-        $process->run();
+        $output = $this->git->raw(['for-each-ref', '--format=%(refname)', 'refs/heads', 'refs/remotes']);
 
-        if (! $process->isSuccessful()) {
+        if ($output === null) {
             return null;
         }
 
         $names = [];
 
-        foreach ($this->splitLines($process->getOutput()) as $ref) {
+        foreach ($this->splitLines($output) as $ref) {
             if (str_starts_with($ref, 'refs/heads/')) {
                 $names[substr($ref, strlen('refs/heads/'))] = true;
 
@@ -291,54 +278,31 @@ final readonly class ChangedFiles
 
     public function hasRemote(): bool
     {
-        return $this->gitOutput(['git', 'remote']) !== null;
+        return $this->git->hasRemote();
     }
 
     public function isRepository(): bool
     {
-        $process = new Process(['git', 'rev-parse', '--git-dir'], $this->projectRoot);
-        $process->setTimeout(5.0);
-        $process->run();
-
-        return $process->getExitCode() === 0;
+        return $this->git->isRepository();
     }
 
     public function hasCommits(): bool
     {
-        $process = new Process(['git', 'rev-parse', '--verify', '--quiet', 'HEAD'], $this->projectRoot);
-        $process->setTimeout(5.0);
-        $process->run();
-
-        return $process->getExitCode() === 0;
+        return $this->git->hasCommits();
     }
 
     /**
-     * @param  array<int, string>  $command
+     * Working-tree scans get a longer leash than metadata queries — on a large
+     * repository with a cold cache, `status` and `diff` are not instant.
      */
-    private function gitOutput(array $command): ?string
+    private function scan(): Git
     {
-        $process = new Process($command, $this->projectRoot);
-        $process->setTimeout(5.0);
-        $process->run();
-
-        if (! $process->isSuccessful()) {
-            return null;
-        }
-
-        $output = trim($process->getOutput());
-
-        return $output === '' ? null : $output;
+        return $this->git->withTimeout(60.0);
     }
 
     private function shaIsReachable(string $sha): bool
     {
-        $process = new Process(
-            ['git', 'merge-base', '--is-ancestor', $sha, 'HEAD'],
-            $this->projectRoot,
-        );
-        $process->run();
-
-        return $process->getExitCode() === 0;
+        return $this->git->succeeds(['merge-base', '--is-ancestor', $sha, 'HEAD']);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -346,17 +310,13 @@ final readonly class ChangedFiles
      */
     private function diffSinceSha(string $sha): array
     {
-        $process = new Process(
-            ['git', 'diff', '--name-only', '--no-renames', $sha.'..HEAD'],
-            $this->projectRoot,
-        );
-        $process->run();
+        $output = $this->scan()->raw(['diff', '--name-only', '--no-renames', $sha.'..HEAD']);
 
-        if (! $process->isSuccessful()) {
+        if ($output === null) {
             throw new MissingDependency('Tia mode', 'git');
         }
 
-        return $this->splitLines($process->getOutput());
+        return $this->splitLines($output);
     }
 
     /**
@@ -364,18 +324,12 @@ final readonly class ChangedFiles
      */
     private function workingTreeChanges(): array
     {
-        $process = new Process(
-            ['git', 'status', '--porcelain', '-z', '--untracked-files=all'],
-            $this->projectRoot,
-        );
-        $process->run();
+        $output = $this->scan()->raw(['status', '--porcelain', '-z', '--untracked-files=all']);
 
-        if (! $process->isSuccessful()) {
+        if ($output === null) {
             throw new MissingDependency('Tia mode', 'git');
         }
 
-        $output = $process->getOutput();
-
         if ($output === '') {
             return [];
         }
@@ -413,14 +367,13 @@ final readonly class ChangedFiles
 
     public function currentSha(): ?string
     {
-        $process = new Process(['git', 'rev-parse', 'HEAD'], $this->projectRoot);
-        $process->run();
+        $output = $this->git->raw(['rev-parse', 'HEAD']);
 
-        if (! $process->isSuccessful()) {
+        if ($output === null) {
             throw new MissingDependency('Tia mode', 'git');
         }
 
-        $sha = trim($process->getOutput());
+        $sha = trim($output);
 
         return $sha === '' ? null : $sha;
     }
diff --git a/src/Support/Git.php b/src/Support/Git.php
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..03f52a00
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/Support/Git.php
@@ -0,0 +1,116 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types=1);
+
+namespace Pest\Support;
+
+use Symfony\Component\Process\Process;
+
+/**
+ * @internal
+ */
+final readonly class Git
+{
+    private const float TIMEOUT = 5.0;
+
+    public function __construct(
+        private ?string $directory = null,
+        private float $timeout = self::TIMEOUT,
+    ) {}
+
+    public function withTimeout(float $timeout): self
+    {
+        return new self($this->directory, $timeout);
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  array<int, string>  $arguments
+     */
+    public function raw(array $arguments): ?string
+    {
+        $result = $this->result($arguments);
+
+        return $result['exitCode'] === 0 ? $result['output'] : null;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  array<int, string>  $arguments
+     */
+    public function output(array $arguments): ?string
+    {
+        $output = $this->raw($arguments);
+
+        if ($output === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        $output = trim($output);
+
+        return $output === '' ? null : $output;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  array<int, string>  $arguments
+     */
+    public function succeeds(array $arguments): bool
+    {
+        return $this->result($arguments)['exitCode'] === 0;
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * @param  array<int, string>  $arguments
+     * @return array{exitCode: int, output: string}
+     */
+    public function result(array $arguments, ?string $input = null): array
+    {
+        $process = new Process(['git', ...$arguments], $this->directory);
+        $process->setTimeout($this->timeout);
+
+        if ($input !== null) {
+            $process->setInput($input);
+        }
+
+        $process->run();
+
+        return [
+            'exitCode' => $process->getExitCode() ?? 1,
+            'output' => $process->getOutput(),
+        ];
+    }
+
+    public function isRepository(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->succeeds(['rev-parse', '--git-dir']);
+    }
+
+    public function hasCommits(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->succeeds(['rev-parse', '--verify', '--quiet', 'HEAD']);
+    }
+
+    public function hasRemote(): bool
+    {
+        return $this->output(['remote']) !== null;
+    }
+
+    public function hasRef(string $ref): bool
+    {
+        return $this->output(['rev-parse', '--verify', '--quiet', $ref]) !== null;
+    }
+
+    public function show(string $sha, string $path): ?string
+    {
+        return $this->raw(['show', $sha.':'.$path]);
+    }
+
+    public function subdirectoryPrefix(): ?string
+    {
+        $prefix = $this->output(['rev-parse', '--show-prefix']);
+
+        if ($prefix === null) {
+            return null;
+        }
+
+        return rtrim(str_replace(DIRECTORY_SEPARATOR, '/', $prefix), '/');
+    }
+}
diff --git a/src/TestCaseFilters/GitDirtyTestCaseFilter.php b/src/TestCaseFilters/GitDirtyTestCaseFilter.php
index 98d06973..70447b50 100644
--- a/src/TestCaseFilters/GitDirtyTestCaseFilter.php
+++ b/src/TestCaseFilters/GitDirtyTestCaseFilter.php
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ use Pest\Contracts\TestCaseFilter;
 use Pest\Exceptions\MissingDependency;
 use Pest\Exceptions\NoDirtyTestsFound;
 use Pest\Panic;
+use Pest\Support\Git;
 use Pest\TestSuite;
-use Symfony\Component\Process\Process;
 
 final class GitDirtyTestCaseFilter implements TestCaseFilter
 {
@@ -52,14 +52,13 @@ final class GitDirtyTestCaseFilter implements TestCaseFilter
      */
     private function loadChangedFiles(): void
     {
-        $process = new Process(['git', 'status', '--short', '--', '*.php']);
-        $process->run();
+        $status = new Git(timeout: 60.0)->raw(['status', '--short', '--', '*.php']);
 
-        if (! $process->isSuccessful()) {
+        if ($status === null) {
             throw new MissingDependency('Filter by dirty files', 'git');
         }
 
-        $output = preg_split('/\R+/', $process->getOutput(), flags: PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
+        $output = preg_split('/\R+/', $status, flags: PREG_SPLIT_NO_EMPTY);
         assert(is_array($output));
 
         $dirtyFiles = [];
diff --git a/tests/Features/Tia/BranchShapes.php b/tests/Features/Tia/BranchShapes.php
index 47471c8a..388a0052 100644
--- a/tests/Features/Tia/BranchShapes.php
+++ b/tests/Features/Tia/BranchShapes.php
@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ test('a repository with no commits says so, and leaves plain runs alone', functi
 
     expect($tia->exitCode)->toBe(1, $tia->describe())
         ->and($tia->output)->toContain('Tia mode requires at least one commit')
-        ->and($tia->output)->not->toContain('requires "git"')
+        ->and($tia->output)->not->toContain('requires [git]')
         ->and($project->graphExists())->toBeFalse();
 
     $plain = $project->pest();
diff --git a/tests/Features/Tia/DefaultBranchResolution.php b/tests/Features/Tia/DefaultBranchResolution.php
index 640dd8fd..424f708b 100644
--- a/tests/Features/Tia/DefaultBranchResolution.php
+++ b/tests/Features/Tia/DefaultBranchResolution.php
@@ -175,7 +175,7 @@ test('tia still requires git', function (): void {
 
     $result = $project->pest('--tia');
 
-    expect($result->output)->toContain('The feature "Tia mode" requires "git".')
+    expect($result->output)->toContain('The feature [Tia mode[ requires [git].')
         ->and($result->exitCode)->not->toBe(0);
 })->skipOnWindows();